1 1 1 1 2015-10-28 2018-02-15 http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn# 1 2018a DKM, Fondazione Bruno Kessler <http://dkm.fbk.eu/> pmovn Francesco Corcoglioniti Marco Rospocher <https://dkm.fbk.eu/rospocher> 1 Predicate Model for Ontologies (PreMOn) - VerbNet ontology module The VerbNet module of the PreMOn ontology defines classes [pmovn:VerbClass](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#VerbClass) and [pmovn:SemanticRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SemanticRole) as subclasses of [pmo:SemanticClass](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/core#SemanticClass) and [pmo:SemanticRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/core#SemanticRole), respectively. *Class members* are modeled as instances of [ontolex:LexicalEntry](https://www.w3.org/community/ontolex/wiki/Final_Model_Specification#Lexical_Entry), connected to their class via property [ontolex:evokes](https://www.w3.org/community/ontolex/wiki/Final_Model_Specification#Evokes). The VN class hierarchy is modeled via the [pmovn:subclassOf](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#subclassOf) property (subproperty of [skos:broader](http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader)), that relates a verb class (e.g., *13.1-1*) with its parent class (e.g., *13.1*). Given the propagation of semantic roles along the class hierarchy, we introduce property [pmovn:definesSemRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#definesSemRole) to differentiate the [pmovn:SemanticRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SemanticRole) instances defined on a class from the ones inherited from its ancestor classes. Each [pmovn:SemanticRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SemanticRole) instance is related (via property [pmovn:thematicRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#thematicRole)) to exactly one pmovn:ThematicRole, which contains all the thematic roles defined in VB. These thematic roles are organized in a hierarchy, which is formalized via the skos:broader property. VN selectional restrictions on [pmovn:SemanticRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SemanticRole)s (e.g., restricting *theme* to something not animate) are formalized using property [pmovn:restriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#restriction) and class [pmovn:Restriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#Restriction) (see later). A verb class may have one or more [pmovn:VerbNetFrame](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#VerbNetFrame)s (via property [pmovn:frame](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#frame), or its subproperty [pmovn:definesFrame](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#definesFrame), to distinguish frames defined on the class or inherited from ancestors), which have: * one or more ordered [pmo:SynItem](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/core#SynItem)s, modeling a syntactic construction (e.g., *Agent V Theme [-sentential]*) shared by all members of the class. [pmo:SynItem](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/core#SynItem)s are specialized according to their syntactical function (e.g., [pmovn:NpSynItem](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#NpSynItem) for noun phrases). A [pmovn:NpSynItem](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#NpSynItem) can point (via [pmo:valueObj](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/core#valueObj)) to a [pmovn:SemanticRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SemanticRole), and define, via [pmovn:restriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#restriction), (i) a selectional restriction holding for the [pmovn:SemanticRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SemanticRole) in that frame (e.g., *animate*), or (ii) some other syntactic restriction (e.g., *np to inf*). Similarly, selectional restrictions can be modelled on [pmovn:PrepSynItem](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#PrepSynItem) (e.g., *spatial*); * one or more ordered semantic [pmo:Pred](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/core#Pred)s, modeling the meaning of the event, and its participants, expressed by the verb class for that syntactic construction (e.g., *approve(during(E), Agent, Theme)*). Predicates in [pmovn:Pred](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#Pred) have a type ([pmovn:PredType](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#PredType), e.g., *approve*) and can be further decomposed in [pmovn:PredArg](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#PredArg) (e.g., *during(E)*) of various types (e.g., [pmovn:EventPredArg](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#EventPredArg)). Negation of a predicate is expressed by property [pmovn:negPred](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#negPred), while implicit [pmovn:PredArg](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#PredArg)s are marked with property [pmovn:impPredArg](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#impPredArg). A [pmovn:VerbNetFrame](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#VerbNetFrame) is directly associated to its corresponding [pmo:Example](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/core#Example) via the pmovn:frameExample property. ### Restrictions [pmovn:Restriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#Restriction)s are modeled structurally as AND / OR compositions ([pmovn:CompoundRestriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#CompoundRestriction) and subclasses) of atomic restrictions ([pmovn:AtomicRestriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#AtomicRestriction) and subclasses) that require the presence or absence of a certain [pmovn:RestrictionProperty](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#RestrictionProperty). Semantically, restrictions are divided in [pmovn:SyntacticRestriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SyntacticRestriction)s, which refer to a [pmovn:SyntacticRestrictionProperty](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SyntacticRestrictionProperty) and are attached to [pmovn:NpSynItem](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#NpSynItem)s, and [pmovn:SelectionalRestriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SelectionalRestriction)s. The latter are divided in [pmovn:PrepositionalSelectionalRestriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#PrepositionalSelectionalRestriction)s, which refer to a [pmovn:PrepositionalRestrictionProperty](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#PrepositionalRestrictionProperty) and are attached to [pmovn:PrepSynItem](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#PrepSynItem)s, and [pmovn:RoleSelectionalRestriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#RoleSelectionalRestriction)s, which refer to a [pmovn:RoleRestrictionProperty](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#RoleRestrictionProperty) and are attached both to [pmovn:SemanticRole](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#SemanticRole)s and [pmovn:NpSynItem](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#NpSynItem)s. Every restriction instance instantiates both a structural and a semantic subclass of [pmovn:Restriction](http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/vn#Restriction). The VerbNet module of the PreMOn ontology extends the core module with classes and properties specific to the VerbNet predicate model. The modelling is based on the [VerbNet Annotation Guidelines](http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/meyers/nombank/nombank-specs-2007.pdf). This ontology is licensed under CC-BY-SA <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/> defines frame frame defines semantic role Semantic Role (VN) Verb Class (VN) Syntactic Frame (VN) directly associates a VerbNet frame to its corresponding example frame example restriction Restriction NP Syntactic Item Preposition Syntactic Item subclass of thematic role Thematic Role (VN) frame description number frame primary frame secondary String representing the semantics of the Frame frame semantics description String representing the syntax of the Frame frame syntax description frame xtag implicit predicate argument Predicate Argument negated predicate Predicate Absent Atomic Restriction Atomic Restriction Adjective Syntactic Item Syntactic Item Adverb Syntactic Item default And Compound Restriction Compound Restriction Exist Atomic Restriction Auxiliary NP Type Oblique Oblique2 Oblique1 NP Or Compound Restriction Constant Predicate Argument Event Predicate Argument Event Predicate Argument Type start of event result of event end of event during event Not clear if there is an equivalent in lexInfo Lexical Syntactic Item Role Selectional Restriction Syntactic Restriction Predicate Type Thematic Role Predicate Argument Verb Specific Predicate Argument Preposition Selectional Restriction Preposition Selectional Restriction Property dest path dir loc spatial plural src dest_dir dest_conf Selectional Restriction Property Selectional Restriction Restriction Property Role Selectional Restriction Property machine pointy animate comestible scalar Non in the data shape region communication Non in the data plant body_part nonrigid human int_control substance organization concrete biotic Non in the data tool Non in the data rigid sound vehicle Non in the data solid Non in the data artifact force location time animal elongated abstract Non in the data physical object state currency garment refl Verb Syntactic Item Syntactic Restriction Property adv_loc np_omit_ing tensed_that np_ing oc_ing sc_to_inf vc_to_inf small_clause genitive wheth_inf oc_to_inf what_extract oc_bare_inf np_p_ing wh_ing how_extract to_be wh_extract what_inf np_ppart that_comp ac_ing plural quotation wh_comp np_to_inf acc_ing rs_to_inf np_tobe for_comp wh_inf be_sc_ing sentential definite poss_ing sc_ing ac_to_inf body_part refl abstract, non instantiated in the dataset actor abstract, non instantiated in the dataset. participant agent natural asset value attribute abstract, non instantiated in the dataset undergoer beneficiary cause co-agent co-patient co-theme destination goal location duration time experiencer patient extent final time frequency abstract, non instantiated in the dataset place idea initial location source initial time instrument material pivot plural pos_ing predicate product result recipient reflexive stimulus theme to_inf_rs topic trajectory 1 1 1 1 1