vsao.owl
type: Ontology
remark: $Revision: 8.04.2012 $ Contact Wasila Dahdul: Wasila.Dahdul@usd.edu.
date: 06:11:2012 01:32
has_obo_format_version: 1.2
auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.1.1-beta8
remark: To the extent possible under law, Wasila M. Dahdul has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to the Vertebrate Skeletal Anatomy Ontology (VSAO), under CC0 license (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This work is published from the United States.
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent: UBERON
saved-by: balhoff
default-namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
version IRI: vsao.owl

definition
type: AnnotationProperty

antisymmetric property
type: AnnotationProperty

term replaced by
type: AnnotationProperty

PLURAL
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: synonym_type_property

synonym_type_property
type: AnnotationProperty

has_alternative_id
type: AnnotationProperty

has_broad_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty

database_cross_reference
type: AnnotationProperty

has_exact_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty

has_narrow_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty

has_obo_format_version
type: AnnotationProperty

has_obo_namespace
type: AnnotationProperty

has_related_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty

has_synonym_type
type: AnnotationProperty

shorthand
type: AnnotationProperty

treat-xrefs-as-equivalent
type: AnnotationProperty

part_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
database_cross_reference: BFO:0000050
comment: note that all the uses of part_of in this ontology are for proper part of
shorthand: part_of
id: part_of
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
database_cross_reference: BFO:0000051
shorthand: has_part
id: has_part
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
inverse of: part_of

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
has_obo_namespace: BFO
database_cross_reference: BFO:0000056
id: participates_in
shorthand: participates_in

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
database_cross_reference: RO:0002131
id: overlaps
shorthand: overlaps
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

develops from
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
database_cross_reference: RO:0002202
shorthand: develops_from
id: develops_from
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

capable_of
type: ObjectProperty
database_cross_reference: RO:0002215
shorthand: capable_of
id: capable_of
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

develops_in
type: ObjectProperty
database_cross_reference: RO:0002226
id: develops_in
shorthand: develops_in
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

produces
type: ObjectProperty
database_cross_reference: RO:0003000
id: produces
shorthand: produces
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

transformation_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has_alternative_id: OBO_REL:0000013
id: OBO_REL:transformation_of
definition: Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2.
comment: When an embryonic oenocyte (a type of insect cell) is transformed into a larval oenocyte, one and the same continuant entity preserves its identity while instantiating distinct classes at distinct times. The class-level relation transformation_of obtains between continuant classes C and C1 wherever each instance of the class C is such as to have existed at some earlier time as an instance of the distinct class C1 (see Figure 2 in paper). This relation is illustrated first of all at the molecular level of granularity by the relation between mature RNA and the pre-RNA from which it is processed, or between (UV-induced) thymine-dimer and thymine dinucleotide. At coarser levels of granularity it is illustrated by the transformations involved in the creation of red blood cells, for example, from reticulocyte to erythrocyte, and by processes of development, for example, from larva to pupa, or from (post-gastrular) embryo to fetus or from child to adult. It is also manifest in pathological transformations, for example, of normal colon into carcinomatous colon. In each such case, one and the same continuant entity instantiates distinct classes at different times in virtue of phenotypic changes.
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PMID:15892874
annotated target: Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: transformation_of

adjacent_to
type: ObjectProperty
id: adjacent_to
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

capable_of_producing
type: ObjectProperty
id: capable_of_producing
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

has_integral_part
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has_alternative_id: OBO_REL:0000005
id: has_integral_part
antisymmetric property: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
sub property of: has part
inverse of: integral_part_of

has_location
type: ObjectProperty
id: has_location
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

has_quality
type: ObjectProperty
has_obo_namespace: caro
id: has_quality

integral_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C
has_alternative_id: OBO_REL:0000004
id: integral_part_of
antisymmetric property: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
sub property of: part_of

Axiom
annotated target: C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C
database_cross_reference: PMID:15892874
annotated property: definition
annotated source: integral_part_of

anatomical entity
type: Class
definition: Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
id: CARO:0000000
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:62955
annotated source: anatomical entity
annotated property: definition

anatomical structure
type: Class
subclass of: material anatomical entity
id: CARO:0000003
definition: Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:67135
annotated target: Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
annotated source: anatomical structure
annotated property: definition

portion of organism substance
type: Class
subclass of: material anatomical entity
id: CARO:0000004
definition: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:9669
annotated target: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
annotated source: portion of organism substance
annotated property: definition

anatomical space
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
id: CARO:0000005
definition: Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:5897
annotated target: Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
annotated source: anatomical space
annotated property: definition

material anatomical entity
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical entity
definition: Anatomical entity that has mass.
id: CARO:0000006
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical entity that has mass.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:67165
annotated source: material anatomical entity
annotated property: definition

immaterial anatomical entity
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical entity
definition: Anatomical entity that has no mass.
id: CARO:0000007
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical entity that has no mass.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:67112
annotated source: immaterial anatomical entity
annotated property: definition

anatomical line
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
id: CARO:0000008
definition: Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, whiVSAO forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:9657
annotated target: Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, whiVSAO forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
annotated source: anatomical line
annotated property: definition

anatomical point
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
id: CARO:0000009
definition: Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:9658
annotated target: Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface.
annotated source: anatomical point
annotated property: definition

anatomical surface
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
id: CARO:0000010
definition: Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:24137
annotated target: Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.
annotated source: anatomical surface
annotated property: definition

anatomical system
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
definition: Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
id: CARO:0000011
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:7149
annotated source: anatomical system
annotated property: definition

multi-cellular organism
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
id: CARO:0000012
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:256135
annotated source: multi-cellular organism
annotated property: definition

cell
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
id: CARO:0000013
database_cross_reference: GO:0005623
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated source: cell
annotated property: definition

cell component
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cell
definition: Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
id: CARO:0000014
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:86454
annotated source: cell component
annotated property: definition

compound organ component
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: compound organ
id: CARO:0000019
definition: Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
annotated source: compound organ component
annotated property: definition

simple organ
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
id: CARO:0000021
definition: Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
annotated source: simple organ
annotated property: definition

compound organ
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
id: CARO:0000024
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated source: compound organ
annotated property: definition

male organism
type: Class
subclass of: gonochoristic organism
id: CARO:0000027
definition: Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
annotated source: male organism
annotated property: definition

female organism
type: Class
subclass of: gonochoristic organism
id: CARO:0000028
definition: Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
annotated source: female organism
annotated property: definition

hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cellular organism
id: CARO:0000029
definition: Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes.
has_obo_namespace: caro
has_related_synonym: dioecious organism

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes.
annotated source: hermaphroditic organism
annotated property: definition

asexual organism
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cellular organism
id: CARO:0000030
definition: Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes.
annotated source: asexual organism
annotated property: definition

organism subdivision
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism.
id: CARO:0000032
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated source: organism subdivision
annotated property: definition

acellular anatomical structure
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
id: CARO:0000040
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:63863
annotated source: acellular anatomical structure
annotated property: definition

anatomical cluster
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
definition: Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
id: CARO:0000041
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:49443
annotated source: anatomical cluster
annotated property: definition

extraembryonic structure
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
id: CARO:0000042
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated source: extraembryonic structure
annotated property: definition

tissue
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
id: CARO:0000043
has_obo_namespace: caro
has_exact_synonym: portion of tissue

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:9637
annotated source: tissue
annotated property: definition

sequential hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: hermaphroditic organism
id: CARO:0000045
definition: Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex.
has_obo_namespace: caro
has_related_synonym: consecutive hermaphroditic organism

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex.
annotated source: sequential hermaphroditic organism
annotated property: definition

synchronous hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: hermaphroditic organism
id: CARO:0000046
definition: Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time.
has_obo_namespace: caro
has_related_synonym: serially hermaphroditic organism

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time.
annotated source: synchronous hermaphroditic organism
annotated property: definition

gonochoristic organism
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cellular organism
id: CARO:0000048
definition: Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes.
has_obo_namespace: caro
has_related_synonym: monoecious organism

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes.
annotated source: gonochoristic organism
annotated property: definition

protandrous hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: sequential hermaphroditic organism
id: CARO:0000049
definition: Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex.
annotated source: protandrous hermaphroditic organism
annotated property: definition

protogynous hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: sequential hermaphroditic organism
id: CARO:0000050
definition: Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex.
annotated source: protogynous hermaphroditic organism
annotated property: definition

anatomical group
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
id: CARO:0000054
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated source: anatomical group
annotated property: definition

multi-tissue structure
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
id: CARO:0000055
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated source: multi-tissue structure
annotated property: definition

cell space
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
definition: Anatomical space that is part of a cell.
id: CARO:0000062
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical space that is part of a cell.
database_cross_reference: CARO:mah
annotated source: cell space
annotated property: definition

portion of cell substance
type: Class
subclass of: portion of organism substance
id: CARO:0000063
definition: Portion of organism substance located within a cell.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:mah
annotated target: Portion of organism substance located within a cell.
annotated source: portion of cell substance
annotated property: definition

single cell organism
type: Class
subclass of: cell
id: CARO:0000064
definition: Cell that is an individual member of a species.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Cell that is an individual member of a species.
annotated source: single cell organism
annotated property: definition

basal lamina
type: Class
subclass of: acellular anatomical structure
definition: Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
id: CARO:0000065
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated source: basal lamina
annotated property: definition

epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: tissue
id: CARO:0000066
definition: Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:9639
annotated target: Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.
annotated source: epithelium
annotated property: definition

simple cuboidal epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
id: CARO:0000067
definition: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:45566
annotated target: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
annotated source: simple cuboidal epithelium
annotated property: definition

simple columnar epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
id: CARO:0000068
definition: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:45567
annotated target: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
annotated source: simple columnar epithelium
annotated property: definition

multilaminar epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium
id: CARO:0000069
definition: Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
database_cross_reference: FMA:45562
annotated source: multilaminar epithelium
annotated property: definition

simple squamous epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
id: CARO:0000070
definition: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
database_cross_reference: FMA:45565
annotated target: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
annotated source: simple squamous epithelium
annotated property: definition

atypical epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium
id: CARO:0000071
definition: Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
annotated source: atypical epithelium
annotated property: definition

cavitated compound organ
type: Class
subclass of: compound organ
id: CARO:0000072
definition: Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
annotated source: cavitated compound organ
annotated property: definition

unilaminar epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium
id: CARO:0000073
definition: Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
database_cross_reference: FMA:45561
annotated source: unilaminar epithelium
annotated property: definition

solid compound organ
type: Class
subclass of: compound organ
id: CARO:0000074
definition: Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
annotated source: solid compound organ
annotated property: definition

epithelial cell
type: Class
subclass of: cell
id: CARO:0000077
definition: Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity.
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CARO:MAH
annotated target: Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity.
annotated source: epithelial cell
annotated property: definition

multi-cell-component structure
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part.
id: CARO:0001000
has_obo_namespace: caro

Axiom
annotated target: A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part.
database_cross_reference: FBC:DOS
annotated source: multi-cell-component structure
annotated property: definition

neuron projection bundle
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cell-component structure
definition: A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses.
id: CARO:0001001
has_obo_namespace: caro
has_exact_synonym: nerve fiber bundle

Axiom
annotated target: A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses.
database_cross_reference: FBC:DOS
annotated source: neuron projection bundle
annotated property: definition

Axiom
database_cross_reference: FBC:DOS
annotated target: nerve fiber bundle
annotated source: neuron projection bundle
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

neuron projection bundle segment
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cell-component structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neuron projection bundle
creation date: 2011-09-10T04:22:25Z
definition: A fiber-shaped subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis.
id: CARO:0001500
has_obo_namespace: caro
created by: djs93

Axiom
annotated target: A fiber-shaped subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis.
database_cross_reference: CAROC:DOS
annotated source: neuron projection bundle segment
annotated property: definition

neuron projection bundle subsegment
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cell-component structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neuron projection bundle
creation date: 2011-09-10T04:24:17Z
definition: A subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis that is sufficiently short that it is not fiber-shaped.
id: CARO:0001501
has_obo_namespace: caro
created by: djs93

Axiom
annotated target: A subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis that is sufficiently short that it is not fiber-shaped.
database_cross_reference: CAROC:DOS
annotated source: neuron projection bundle subsegment
annotated property: definition

native cell
type: Class
subclass of: cell
definition: A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
database_cross_reference: CARO:0000013
id: CL:0000003
comment: To accommodate unicellular organisms better, 'cell in vivo' has been re-labeled 'native cell' to better represent its intended meaning - that is, that it is a cell in the context of a multicellular organism or in a natural environment. 'Native' is intended to contrast with 'in vitro', which refers to cells or other biological entities that have been intentionally placed in a controlled, non-natural setting for the purpose of study or manipulation. (MAH 1.12.12).
has_obo_namespace: cell
has_narrow_synonym: cell in vivo

Axiom
annotated target: A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
database_cross_reference: CARO:mah
annotated source: native cell
annotated property: definition

migratory cranial neural crest cell
type: Class
subclass of: migratory neural crest cell
id: CL:0000008
has_obo_namespace: cell

non-terminally differentiated cell
type: Class
subclass of: native cell
definition: A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000125
id: CL:0000055
database_cross_reference: FMA:84782
has_exact_synonym: blast cell
has_obo_namespace: cell
comment: define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent?

Axiom
annotated target: A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
database_cross_reference: SANBI:mhl
annotated source: non-terminally differentiated cell
annotated property: definition

chondroblast
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: prechondroblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: cartilage tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: avascular GAG-rich matrix
database_cross_reference: BTO:0003607
id: CL:0000058
database_cross_reference: FMA:66783
definition: Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
has_obo_namespace: cell
has_exact_synonym: chrondoplast

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:tfm
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: ISBN:0618947256
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
annotated source: chondroblast
annotated property: definition

ameloblast
type: Class
subclass of: secretory cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: preameloblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: enamel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: odontogenic papilla
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001663
has_alternative_id: CL:0000053
id: CL:0000059
has_alternative_id: CL:0000139
database_cross_reference: FMA:70576
comment: Legacy definition: A cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ. Their functions include contribution to the development of the dentinoenamel junction by the deposition of a layer of the matrix, thus producing the foundation for the prisms (the structural units of the dental enamel), and production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismatic substance. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992).
definition: Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
has_exact_synonym: amelocyte
has_obo_namespace: cell
has_exact_synonym: enamel secreting cell

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:tfm
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: MESH:A.11.436.107
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
annotated source: ameloblast
annotated property: definition

odontoblast
type: Class
subclass of: non-terminally differentiated cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: dentine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: odontogenic papilla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: preodontoblast
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001769
id: CL:0000060
database_cross_reference: FMA:62999
definition: Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
has_obo_namespace: cell
comment: legacy def: One of the cells forming the outer surface of dental pulp that produces tooth dentin.

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: ISBN:0618947256
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
annotated source: odontoblast
annotated property: definition

cementoblast
type: Class
subclass of: osteoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: odontogenic papilla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: precementoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: cementum
id: CL:0000061
has_alternative_id: CL:0000859
database_cross_reference: FMA:63002
comment: Legacy def: A cell of ectomesenchymal origin that aids in the formation the cementum layer on the roots of teeth.
definition: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (a bony substance that covers the root of a tooth), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.
has_obo_namespace: cell
has_exact_synonym: cementum secreting cell

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: ISBN:0781733901
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (a bony substance that covers the root of a tooth), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.
annotated source: cementoblast
annotated property: definition

osteoblast
type: Class
subclass of: non-terminally differentiated cell
subclass of: connective tissue cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: osteoid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: preosteoblast
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001593
id: CL:0000062
database_cross_reference: FMA:66780
definition: Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
has_obo_namespace: cell
comment: non-encoded relationships from VSAO - capable_of_producing mineralized extracellular matrix. part_of osteoid

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: MESH:A.11.329.629
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
annotated source: osteoblast
annotated property: definition

mesenchymal cell
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue cell
definition: A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. This cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.
has_exact_synonym: BMSC
database_cross_reference: BTO:0002625
database_cross_reference: BTO:0003298
has_exact_synonym: CFU-F
id: CL:0000134
has_alternative_id: CL:0002452
database_cross_reference: FMA:70546
has_exact_synonym: MSC
comment: Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2.
has_exact_synonym: bone marrow stromal cells
has_obo_namespace: cell
has_exact_synonym: colony-forming unit-fibroblast
has_exact_synonym: marrow stromal cells
has_exact_synonym: mesenchymal precursor cell
has_exact_synonym: mesenchymal progenitor cells
has_exact_synonym: mesenchymal stem cell
has_exact_synonym: mesenchymal stromal cell
has_exact_synonym: mesenchymal stromal cells
has_exact_synonym: stem cells, mesenchymal

Axiom
annotated target: A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. This cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.
database_cross_reference: FB:ma
database_cross_reference: GOC:dsd
database_cross_reference: PMCID:PMC2613570
database_cross_reference: PMID:10102814j
database_cross_reference: PMID:16923606
database_cross_reference: PMID:17986482
database_cross_reference: PMID:19960544
database_cross_reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell
database_cross_reference: http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi
annotated source: mesenchymal cell
annotated property: definition

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PMID:11378515
annotated target: marrow stromal cells
annotated source: mesenchymal cell
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: MSC
database_cross_reference: PMID:11378515
annotated source: mesenchymal cell
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: MESH:D044982
annotated target: mesenchymal progenitor cells
annotated source: mesenchymal cell
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: MESH:D044982
annotated target: stem cells, mesenchymal
annotated source: mesenchymal cell
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

osteocyte
type: Class
subclass of: bone cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: integral_part_of
  some values from: cellular bone tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: non-terminally differentiated osteoblast
definition: A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.
database_cross_reference: BTO:0002038
id: CL:0000137
database_cross_reference: FMA:66779
has_broad_synonym: bone cell
has_obo_namespace: cell
comment: need to add non-terminally differentiated osteoblast to CL and use that for the develops from.

Axiom
annotated target: A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.
database_cross_reference: GOC:tfm
database_cross_reference: MESH:A.11.329.629.500
annotated source: osteocyte
annotated property: definition

chondrocyte
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cartilage tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: avascular GAG-rich matrix
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: chondroblast
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000249
id: CL:0000138
database_cross_reference: FMA:66782
definition: Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
has_exact_synonym: cartilage cell
has_obo_namespace: cell

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: MESH:A.11.329.171
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
annotated source: chondrocyte
annotated property: definition

odontocyte
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: non-terminally differentiated odontoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: mesenchymal cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: dentine
id: CL:0000140
definition: Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell.
has_obo_namespace: cell
comment: develops_from differs from CL as need to add the non-terminally differentiated odontoblast class to CL

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell.
annotated source: odontocyte
annotated property: definition

cementocyte
type: Class
subclass of: osteocyte
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: cementoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: odontogenic papilla
definition: An osteocytelike cell with numerous processes, trapped in a lacuna in the cement of the tooth.
comment: CHECK: wikipedia says that cementocytes no longer produce cementum, but the phenoscape def is: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell (no change to existing def).
id: CL:0000141
database_cross_reference: FMA:63003
has_obo_namespace: cell

Axiom
annotated target: An osteocytelike cell with numerous processes, trapped in a lacuna in the cement of the tooth.
database_cross_reference: ISBN:0781733901
annotated source: cementocyte
annotated property: definition

secretory cell
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: native cell
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: capable_of
    some values from: secretion by cell
subclass of: native cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: capable_of
  some values from: secretion by cell
definition: A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
database_cross_reference: BTO:0003659
id: CL:0000151
database_cross_reference: FMA:86916
has_obo_namespace: cell

Axiom
annotated target: A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
database_cross_reference: GOC:tfm
database_cross_reference: ISBN:0721662544
annotated source: secretory cell
annotated property: definition

mesodermal cell
type: Class
subclass of: embryonic cell
definition: A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
id: CL:0000222
database_cross_reference: FMA:72554
has_obo_namespace: cell
has_exact_synonym: mesoblast
has_exact_synonym: mesoderm cell

Axiom
annotated target: A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
database_cross_reference: MESH:A.16.254.425.660
annotated source: mesodermal cell
annotated property: definition

migratory neural crest cell
type: Class
subclass of: embryonic cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: premigratory neural crest cell
definition: A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
id: CL:0000333
database_cross_reference: FMA:86667
has_obo_namespace: cell

Axiom
annotated target: A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
database_cross_reference: MESH:A.16.254.600
annotated source: migratory neural crest cell
annotated property: definition

periarticular chondrocyte
type: Class
subclass of: chondrocyte
definition: A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone.
id: CL:0000742
has_obo_namespace: cell

Axiom
annotated target: A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone.
database_cross_reference: PMID:15951842
annotated source: periarticular chondrocyte
annotated property: definition

hypertrophic chondrocyte
type: Class
subclass of: chondrocyte
id: CL:0000743
definition: Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).
has_obo_namespace: cell
comment: is hypertrophic pathological or normal? and can it be described using a pato term?

Axiom
annotated target: Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: PMID:15951842
annotated source: hypertrophic chondrocyte
annotated property: definition

bone cell
type: Class
subclass of: native cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: bone element
creation date: 2011-11-16T04:28:16Z
definition: A connective tissue cell found in bone.
id: CL:0001035
created by: adiehl
has_obo_namespace: cell

Axiom
annotated target: A connective tissue cell found in bone.
database_cross_reference: GOC:add
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated source: bone cell
annotated property: definition

terminally differentiated osteoblast
type: Class
subclass of: osteoblast
id: CL:0001039
definition: Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000116
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated source: terminally differentiated osteoblast
annotated property: definition

non-terminally differentiated osteoblast
type: Class
subclass of: osteoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: integral_part_of
  some values from: bone tissue
id: CL:0001040
definition: Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.
comment: VSAO relationship simplified OBO_REL:integral_part_of cellular bone tissue
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000117
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated source: non-terminally differentiated osteoblast
annotated property: definition

connective tissue cell
type: Class
subclass of: native cell
creation date: 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z
definition: A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
id: CL:0002320
has_alternative_id: CL:1000406
database_cross_reference: FMA:63875
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: tmeehan

Axiom
annotated target: A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
database_cross_reference: GOC:tfm
database_cross_reference: ISBN:0618947256
annotated source: connective tissue cell
annotated property: definition

embryonic cell
type: Class
subclass of: native cell
creation date: 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z
definition: A cell of the embryo.
id: CL:0002321
database_cross_reference: FMA:82840
database_cross_reference: FMA:82841
database_cross_reference: WBbt:0007028
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: tmeehan

Axiom
annotated target: A cell of the embryo.
database_cross_reference: FMA:0618947256
annotated source: embryonic cell
annotated property: definition

preameloblast
type: Class
subclass of: non-terminally differentiated cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: odontogenic papilla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: migratory cranial neural crest cell
creation date: 2012-06-15T01:27:01Z
id: CL:0007000
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: PMCID:PMC2737325
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins.
annotated source: preameloblast
annotated property: definition

skeletogenic cell
type: Class
subclass of: native cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: mineralized tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: mineralized extracellular matrix
creation date: 2012-06-15T02:51:27Z
id: CL:0007001
definition: Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
comment: Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel
has_exact_synonym: scleroblast

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: scleroblast
annotated source: skeletogenic cell
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated source: skeletogenic cell
annotated property: definition

precementoblast
type: Class
subclass of: non-terminally differentiated cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: migratory cranial neural crest cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: odontogenic papilla
creation date: 2012-06-15T04:37:13Z
id: CL:0007002
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast.
annotated source: precementoblast
annotated property: definition

preodontoblast
type: Class
subclass of: non-terminally differentiated cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: odontogenic papilla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: migratory cranial neural crest cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: pre-dentine
creation date: 2012-06-15T05:15:11Z
id: CL:0007003
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell.
annotated source: preodontoblast
annotated property: definition

premigratory neural crest cell
type: Class
subclass of: native cell
creation date: 2012-06-27T08:27:35Z
id: CL:0007004
definition: Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel

Axiom
annotated target: Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells.
database_cross_reference: UBERONREF:0000002
annotated source: premigratory neural crest cell
annotated property: definition

notochordal cell
type: Class
subclass of: native cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: notochord
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: chordamesodermal cell
creation date: 2012-06-27T08:47:31Z
id: CL:0007005
definition: Cell that is part of the notochord.
comment: NOTE: TO DO, notochord development still needs work.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel

Axiom
annotated target: Cell that is part of the notochord.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated source: notochordal cell
annotated property: definition

chordamesodermal cell
type: Class
subclass of: mesodermal cell
creation date: 2012-06-27T08:52:41Z
id: CL:0007006
definition: Mesodermal cell that is axially located and gives rise to the cells of the notochord.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Mesodermal cell that is axially located and gives rise to the cells of the notochord.
annotated source: chordamesodermal cell
annotated property: definition

notochordal sheath cell
type: Class
subclass of: notochordal cell
creation date: 2012-06-27T09:26:37Z
id: CL:0007007
definition: Notochordal cell that is part of the outer epithelium of the notochord and surrounds the vacuolated notochord cells.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CL:MAH
annotated target: Notochordal cell that is part of the outer epithelium of the notochord and surrounds the vacuolated notochord cells.
annotated source: notochordal sheath cell
annotated property: definition

notochordal vacuole cell
type: Class
subclass of: notochordal cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: notochord
creation date: 2012-06-27T09:29:30Z
id: CL:0007008
definition: Notochordal cell that is inner portion of the notochord and becomes vacuolated as development proceeds.
has_obo_namespace: cell
has_exact_synonym: chordablast
has_exact_synonym: chordoblast
created by: haendel

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PMID:14574572
annotated target: chordoblast
annotated source: notochordal vacuole cell
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: chordablast
annotated source: notochordal vacuole cell
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CL:MAH
annotated target: Notochordal cell that is inner portion of the notochord and becomes vacuolated as development proceeds.
annotated source: notochordal vacuole cell
annotated property: definition

prechondroblast
type: Class
subclass of: non-terminally differentiated cell
creation date: 2012-06-27T10:44:01Z
id: CL:0007009
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
annotated source: prechondroblast
annotated property: definition

preosteoblast
type: Class
subclass of: non-terminally differentiated cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: osteoid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: migratory neural crest cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: mesodermal cell
creation date: 2012-06-27T10:57:21Z
id: CL:0007010
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
has_obo_namespace: cell
created by: haendel
has_exact_synonym: osteoprogenitor cell

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
annotated source: preosteoblast
annotated property: definition

non-terminally differentiated odontoblast
type: Class
subclass of: odontoblast
id: CL:0007012
definition: Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell.
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell.
annotated source: non-terminally differentiated odontoblast
annotated property: definition

terminally differentiated odontoblast
type: Class
subclass of: odontoblast
id: CL:0007013
definition: Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine.
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine.
annotated source: terminally differentiated odontoblast
annotated property: definition

ossification
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
id: GO:0001503
comment: Note that this term does not have a 'developmental process' parent because ossification isn't necessarily developmental, can also occur as part of bone remodeling. Instead use 'ossification involved in bone maturation ; GO:0043931'.
definition: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Ossification
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_exact_synonym: bone biosynthesis
has_exact_synonym: bone formation
has_exact_synonym: osteogenesis

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:mtg_mpo
database_cross_reference: PMID:17572649
annotated target: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
annotated source: ossification
annotated property: definition

osteoblast differentiation
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ossification
id: GO:0001649
definition: The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_exact_synonym: osteoblast cell differentiation

Axiom
database_cross_reference: CL:0000062
database_cross_reference: GOC:jid
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.
annotated source: osteoblast differentiation
annotated property: definition

intramembranous ossification
type: Class
subclass of: direct ossification
comment: An instance of intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division.
definition: Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.
id: GO:0001957
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_narrow_synonym: dermal ossification

Axiom
annotated target: Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.
database_cross_reference: ISBN:0878932437
annotated source: intramembranous ossification
annotated property: definition

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: dermal ossification
annotated source: intramembranous ossification
annotated property: has_narrow_synonym

endochondral ossification
type: Class
subclass of: replacement ossification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endochondral bone morphogenesis
id: GO:0001958
definition: Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: ISBN:0878932437
annotated target: Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
annotated source: endochondral ossification
annotated property: definition

biological_process
type: Class
definition: Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
has_alternative_id: GO:0000004
has_alternative_id: GO:0007582
id: GO:0008150
comment: Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Biological_process
has_exact_synonym: biological process
has_narrow_synonym: biological process unknown
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_exact_synonym: physiological process

Axiom
annotated target: Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
database_cross_reference: GOC:go_curators
database_cross_reference: GOC:isa_complete
annotated source: biological_process
annotated property: definition

bone mineralization
type: Class
subclass of: biomineral tissue development
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ossification
id: GO:0030282
definition: The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_narrow_synonym: bone calcification

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:mah
annotated target: The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue.
annotated source: bone mineralization
annotated property: definition

biomineral tissue development
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
definition: Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
id: GO:0031214
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Biomineralisation
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_related_synonym: biomineral formation
has_exact_synonym: biomineralization
has_exact_synonym: mineralization

Axiom
annotated target: Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
database_cross_reference: PMID:15132736
annotated source: biomineral tissue development
annotated property: definition

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:dph
database_cross_reference: GOC:tb
annotated target: biomineral formation
annotated source: biomineral tissue development
annotated property: has_related_synonym

secretion by cell
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
id: GO:0032940
definition: The controlled release of a substance by a cell.
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Secretion
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_exact_synonym: cellular secretion

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:mah
annotated target: The controlled release of a substance by a cell.
annotated source: secretion by cell
annotated property: definition

bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
type: Class
subclass of: bone mineralization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ossification involved in bone maturation
comment: Bone mineralization can also occur after a fracture and as a response to stress; in these cases, consider using the term 'bone mineralization ; GO:0030282'.
id: GO:0035630
definition: The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:BHF
database_cross_reference: GOC:bf
annotated target: The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
annotated source: bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
annotated property: definition

direct ossification
type: Class
subclass of: ossification
id: GO:0036072
definition: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.
annotated source: direct ossification
annotated property: definition

perichondral ossification
type: Class
subclass of: intramembranous ossification
id: GO:0036073
definition: Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
annotated source: perichondral ossification
annotated property: definition

metaplastic ossification
type: Class
subclass of: direct ossification
definition: Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.
id: GO:0036074
comment: Some intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_related_synonym: metaplasia

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: metaplasia
annotated source: metaplastic ossification
annotated property: has_related_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated source: metaplastic ossification
annotated property: definition

replacement ossification
type: Class
subclass of: ossification
id: GO:0036075
definition: Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_exact_synonym: indirect ossification

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: indirect ossification
annotated source: replacement ossification
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
annotated source: replacement ossification
annotated property: definition

ligamentous ossification
type: Class
subclass of: ossification
id: GO:0036076
comment: Ligamentous ossification may occur via replacement ossification or metaplastic ossification or both in any one instance.
definition: Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.
annotated source: ligamentous ossification
annotated property: definition

intratendonous ossification
type: Class
subclass of: ossification
id: GO:0036077
definition: Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.
comment: Tendonous ossification may occur via replacement ossification or metaplastic ossification or both in any one instance.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.
annotated source: intratendonous ossification
annotated property: definition

ossification involved in bone maturation
type: Class
subclass of: ossification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: bone maturation
id: GO:0043931
definition: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process
has_narrow_synonym: ossification involved in bone modeling
has_exact_synonym: ossification involved in skeletal development

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:dph
annotated target: ossification involved in skeletal development
annotated source: ossification involved in bone maturation
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: ossification involved in bone modeling
annotated source: ossification involved in bone maturation
annotated property: has_narrow_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:dph
database_cross_reference: GOC:mah
database_cross_reference: GOC:mtg_mpo
annotated target: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
annotated source: ossification involved in bone maturation
annotated property: definition

bone development
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
id: GO:0060348
definition: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:dph
annotated target: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.
annotated source: bone development
annotated property: definition

bone morphogenesis
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
id: GO:0060349
definition: The process in which bones are generated and organized.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:dph
annotated target: The process in which bones are generated and organized.
annotated source: bone morphogenesis
annotated property: definition

endochondral bone morphogenesis
type: Class
subclass of: bone morphogenesis
id: GO:0060350
definition: The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:dph
database_cross_reference: PMID:11680679
annotated target: The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
annotated source: endochondral bone morphogenesis
annotated property: definition

bone maturation
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: bone development
definition: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.
id: GO:0070977
has_obo_namespace: biological_process

Axiom
annotated target: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.
database_cross_reference: GOC:dph
database_cross_reference: GOC:mah
annotated source: bone maturation
annotated property: definition

quality
type: Class
definition: A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
id: PATO:0000001
has_alternative_id: PATO:0000072
has_obo_namespace: quality
has_exact_synonym: trait

Axiom
annotated target: A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG
annotated property: definition
annotated source: quality

ossified
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being hardened by the deposition of calcium into bone.
id: PATO:0001448
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being hardened by the deposition of calcium into bone.
database_cross_reference: MAMMALOGY:MAMMALOGY
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ossified

cartilaginous
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's cartilage quantities.
comment: Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes (CL:0000138) that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastin fibers
id: PATO:0001449
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's cartilage quantities.
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cartilaginous

cartilage element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: endoskeleton
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: cartilage tissue
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops from
    some values from: chondrogenic condensation
subclass of: skeletal element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: cartilage tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endoskeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: chondrogenic condensation
definition: Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
id: VSAO:0000000
has_related_synonym: cartilage
has_exact_synonym: cartilaginous element
has_exact_synonym: chondrogenic element
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cartilage element

surface structure
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
definition: Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.
id: VSAO:0000001
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.
database_cross_reference: ZFIN:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: surface structure

mode of ossification
type: Class
database_cross_reference: GO:0001503
term replaced by: GO:0001503
definition: The formation of bone or of a bony substanc, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
id: VSAO:0000002
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GOC:mtg_mpo, PMID:17572649
annotated target: The formation of bone or of a bony substanc, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: mode of ossification

permanent cartilage
type: Class
subclass of: cartilage element
definition: Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage that is not replaced.
id: VSAO:0000003
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage that is not replaced.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: permanent cartilage

opercle bone
type: Class
definition: Dermal bone that forms the postero-dorsal part of the opercular series. The opercle articulates with the hyomandibula antero-dorsally and with the subopercle ventrally. The opercle is a paired bone.
term replaced by: TAO:0000250
comment: Term resides in TAO.
id: VSAO:0000004
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Dermal bone that forms the postero-dorsal part of the opercular series. The opercle articulates with the hyomandibula antero-dorsally and with the subopercle ventrally. The opercle is a paired bone.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: opercle bone

basihyal element
type: Class
term replaced by: TAO:0001891
comment: Term resides in TAO.
id: VSAO:0000005
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

cell condensation
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995).
id: VSAO:0000006
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995).
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cell condensation

basihyal bone
type: Class
definition: Endochondral bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch.
term replaced by: TAO:0000316
comment: Term resides in TAO.
id: VSAO:0000007
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Endochondral bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: basihyal bone

neural crest cell
type: Class
definition: A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
database_cross_reference: CL:0000333
term replaced by: CL:0000333
id: VSAO:0000008
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: neural crest cell

notochordal cell
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007005
definition: Cell of the notochord, often vacuolated or resembles a chondrocyte.
id: VSAO:0000009
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cell of the notochord, often vacuolated or resembles a chondrocyte.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: notochordal cell

notochordal mesodermal cell
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007006
id: VSAO:0000010
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

mesodermal cell
type: Class
database_cross_reference: CL:0000222
term replaced by: CL:0000222
definition: Cell derived from mesoderm.
id: VSAO:0000011
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cell derived from mesoderm.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: mesodermal cell

skeletogenic cell
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007001
definition: Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g., cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
id: VSAO:0000012
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g., cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: skeletogenic cell

mineralized tissue
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal tissue
id: VSAO:0000013
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

basihyal cartilage
type: Class
definition: Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch.
term replaced by: TAO:0001510
comment: Term resides in TAO.
id: VSAO:0000014
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: basihyal cartilage

skeletal tissue
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: skeletogenic cell
definition: A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.
id: VSAO:0000015
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: skeletal tissue

basihyal condensation
type: Class
id: VSAO:0000016
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

connective tissue
type: Class
subclass of: tissue
definition: Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
id: VSAO:0000017
has_exact_synonym: portion of connective tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: connective tissue

ventral hyoid arch
type: Class
term replaced by: TAO:0001402
comment: Term resides in TAO.
id: VSAO:0000018
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

chordablast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007008
definition: Epithelial cell that is large, vacuolated, and part of the notochord.
id: VSAO:0000019
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Epithelial cell that is large, vacuolated, and part of the notochord.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: chordablast

mineralized extracellular matrix
type: Class
subclass of: proteinaceous extracellular matrix
definition: Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.
id: VSAO:0000020
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: mineralized extracellular matrix

proteinaceous extracellular matrix
type: Class
subclass of: extracellular matrix
definition: A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684].
id: VSAO:0000021
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684].
database_cross_reference: GO:[GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684]
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: proteinaceous extracellular matrix

extracellular matrix
type: Class
subclass of: acellular anatomical structure
definition: Combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells.
has_exact_synonym: ECM
id: VSAO:0000022
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: ECM
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated source: extracellular matrix
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: extracellular matrix

membrane bone
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bone element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: intramembranous ossification
subclass of: bone element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: intramembranous ossification
definition: Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.
id: VSAO:0000023
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: membrane bone

intercalar
type: Class
definition: Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977). Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal.
term replaced by: TAO:0000474
comment: Term resides in TAO.
id: VSAO:0000024
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977). Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: intercalar

odontogenic papilla
type: Class
subclass of: cell condensation
definition: Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.
id: VSAO:0000025
has_exact_synonym: dental papilla
has_exact_synonym: odontogenic condensation
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: dental papilla
annotated source: odontogenic papilla
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: odontogenic condensation
annotated source: odontogenic papilla
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: odontogenic papilla

skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skeletal system
definition: Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
id: VSAO:0000026
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: skeleton

skeletal system
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: musculoskeletal system
definition: Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
id: VSAO:0000027
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: skeletal system

integumentary papilla
type: Class
subclass of: odontogenic papilla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_location
  some values from: integument
definition: Odontogenic papilla that is located in the integument.
id: VSAO:0000028
has_exact_synonym: scale papilla
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: scale papilla
annotated source: integumentary papilla
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontogenic papilla that is located in the integument.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: integumentary papilla

integument
type: Class
subclass of: surface structure
definition: Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.
id: VSAO:0000029
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: integument

oropharyngeal papilla
type: Class
subclass of: odontogenic papilla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_location
  some values from: oropharynx
definition: Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000030
has_exact_synonym: oropharyngeal dental papilla
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: oropharyngeal papilla

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: oropharyngeal dental papilla
annotated source: oropharyngeal papilla
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

musculoskeletal system
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
definition: Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems.
id: VSAO:0000031
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: musculoskeletal system

notochord
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
definition: Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.
id: VSAO:0000032
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: notochord

muscular system
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: musculoskeletal system
definition: Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.
id: VSAO:0000033
has_exact_synonym: musculature system
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: musculature system
annotated source: muscular system
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: muscular system

oropharynx
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
id: VSAO:0000034
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

dermal skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
definition: Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements.
id: VSAO:0000035
has_related_synonym: dermal skeletal system
has_related_synonym: dermoskeleton
has_related_synonym: desmoskeleton
has_related_synonym: exoskeleton
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: exoskeleton
annotated source: dermal skeleton
annotated property: has_related_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: dermal skeletal system
annotated source: dermal skeleton
annotated property: has_related_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: dermal skeleton

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: desmoskeleton
annotated source: dermal skeleton
annotated property: has_related_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: dermoskeleton
annotated source: dermal skeleton
annotated property: has_related_synonym

perichondrium
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue
definition: Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.
id: VSAO:0000036
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: perichondrium

endoskeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
definition: Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues.
id: VSAO:0000037
has_exact_synonym: replacement skeleton
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: replacement skeleton
annotated source: endoskeleton
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: endoskeleton

preameloblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007000
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast.
id: VSAO:0000038
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: preameloblast

chordoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007008
definition: Skeletogenic cell that is derived from the notochordal mesoderm and produces notochordal tissue (and cartilage tissue in some taxa).
id: VSAO:0000039
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that is derived from the notochordal mesoderm and produces notochordal tissue (and cartilage tissue in some taxa).
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: chordoblast

cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endoskeleton
definition: Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.
id: VSAO:0000040
has_related_synonym: cartilage
has_exact_synonym: chondrogenic tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: cartilage
annotated source: cartilage tissue
annotated property: has_related_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cartilage tissue

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: chondrogenic tissue
annotated source: cartilage tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

preodontoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007003
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a neural crest cell.
id: VSAO:0000041
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a neural crest cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: preodontoblast

skeletal subdivision
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skeleton
definition: Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000042
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: skeletal subdivision

precementoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007002
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast.
id: VSAO:0000043
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: precementoblast

prechondroblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007009
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
id: VSAO:0000044
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: prechondroblast

preosteoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0007010
definition: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
id: VSAO:0000045
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: preosteoblast

osteoid
type: Class
subclass of: proteinaceous extracellular matrix
subclass of: bone tissue
definition: Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.
id: VSAO:0000046
has_exact_synonym: pre-bone
has_exact_synonym: prebone
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: prebone
annotated source: osteoid
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: osteoid

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: pre-bone
annotated source: osteoid
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

bone tissue
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dermal skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endoskeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: bone element
definition: Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.
id: VSAO:0000047
has_related_synonym: bone
has_exact_synonym: osteogenic tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: bone tissue

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: bone
annotated source: bone tissue
annotated property: has_related_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: osteogenic tissue
annotated source: bone tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

scale
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skeleton
id: VSAO:0000048
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

cranial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: axial skeleton
definition: Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
id: VSAO:0000049
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cranial skeleton

dense regular connective tissue
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue
definition: Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
id: VSAO:0000050
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: dense regular connective tissue

lepidosteoid scale
type: Class
subclass of: ganoid scale
definition: Multi-layer ganoid scale composed of ganoine and cellular bone.
id: VSAO:0000051
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Multi-layer ganoid scale composed of ganoine and cellular bone.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: lepidosteoid scale

ganoid scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale
definition: Thick, rhomboid-shaped integumentary skeletal element composed of multiple tissues including ganoine and bone.
id: VSAO:0000052
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Thick, rhomboid-shaped integumentary skeletal element composed of multiple tissues including ganoine and bone.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ganoid scale

vacuolated notochordal tissue
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: notochord
definition: Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.
id: VSAO:0000053
has_exact_synonym: notochord proper
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: notochord proper
annotated source: vacuolated notochordal tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: vacuolated notochordal tissue

perichordal tissue
type: Class
subclass of: connective tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: notochord
comment: Derived from cells surrounding the notochord (possibly the slerotome). Disparate from (not derived from) notochord.
definition: Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.
id: VSAO:0000054
has_related_synonym: notochord
has_exact_synonym: perichordal connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: perichordal sheath
has_exact_synonym: perichordal sheath tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: perichordal sheath tissue
annotated source: perichordal tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: perichordal connective tissue
annotated source: perichordal tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: perichordal sheath
annotated source: perichordal tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: perichordal tissue

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: notochord
annotated source: perichordal tissue
annotated property: has_related_synonym

polypteroid scale
type: Class
subclass of: ganoid scale
definition: Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine, elasmodine and cellular bone.
id: VSAO:0000055
has_exact_synonym: polypterid scale
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine, elasmodine and cellular bone.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: polypteroid scale

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: polypterid scale
annotated source: polypteroid scale
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

axial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
definition: Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
id: VSAO:0000056
has_exact_synonym: axial skeletal system
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: axial skeletal system
annotated source: axial skeleton
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: axial skeleton

bone element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: bone tissue
subclass of: skeletal element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: bone tissue
definition: Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
id: VSAO:0000057
has_related_synonym: bone
has_exact_synonym: bone organ
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: bone element

chondroblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0000058
database_cross_reference: CL:0000058
definition: Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
id: VSAO:0000058
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: chondroblast

avascular GAG-rich matrix
type: Class
subclass of: proteinaceous extracellular matrix
definition: Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
id: VSAO:0000059
has_exact_synonym: avascular glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix
has_exact_synonym: cartilage matrix
has_exact_synonym: cartilage-like matrix
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: cartilage-like matrix
annotated source: avascular GAG-rich matrix
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: avascular glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix
annotated source: avascular GAG-rich matrix
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: cartilage matrix
annotated source: avascular GAG-rich matrix
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: avascular GAG-rich matrix

osteoblast
type: Class
database_cross_reference: CL:0000062
term replaced by: CL:0000062
definition: Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
id: VSAO:0000060
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: osteoblast

cementoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0000061
database_cross_reference: CL:0000061
definition: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (= bone of attachment), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.
id: VSAO:0000061
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (= bone of attachment), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cementoblast

cementum
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
definition: Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
id: VSAO:0000062
has_exact_synonym: bone of attachment
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: bone of attachment
annotated source: cementum
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cementum

odontoid tissue
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dermal skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: odontogenic papilla
definition: Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.
id: VSAO:0000063
has_related_synonym: dental tissue
has_exact_synonym: odontogenic tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: odontogenic tissue
annotated source: odontoid tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: odontoid tissue

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: dental tissue
annotated source: odontoid tissue
annotated property: has_related_synonym

ameloblast
type: Class
database_cross_reference: CL:0000059
term replaced by: CL:0000059
definition: Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
id: VSAO:0000064
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ameloblast

enamel
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: pre-enamel
definition: Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.
id: VSAO:0000065
has_exact_synonym: enamel tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: enamel

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: enamel tissue
annotated source: enamel
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

pre-enamel
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
definition: Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
id: VSAO:0000066
has_exact_synonym: pre-enamel tissue
has_exact_synonym: preenamel tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: preenamel tissue
annotated source: pre-enamel
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: pre-enamel tissue
annotated source: pre-enamel
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pre-enamel

paired appendage
type: Class
subclass of: appendage
id: VSAO:0000067
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

odontoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0000060
database_cross_reference: CL:0000060
definition: Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
id: VSAO:0000068
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: odontoblast

dentine
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: pre-dentine
definition: Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
id: VSAO:0000069
has_exact_synonym: dental tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: dentine

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: dental tissue
annotated source: dentine
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

elasmoid scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: dentine
definition: Multi-tissue integumentary element composed dentine, elasmodine, and hypermineralized tissue.
id: VSAO:0000070
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Multi-tissue integumentary element composed dentine, elasmodine, and hypermineralized tissue.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: elasmoid scale

pre-dentine
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
definition: Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.
id: VSAO:0000071
has_exact_synonym: pre-dentine tissue
has_exact_synonym: predentine tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: predentine tissue
annotated source: pre-dentine
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pre-dentine

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: pre-dentine tissue
annotated source: pre-dentine
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

ligament
type: Class
subclass of: dense regular connective tissue
definition: Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
id: VSAO:0000072
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ligament

tendon
type: Class
subclass of: dense regular connective tissue
definition: Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
id: VSAO:0000073
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: tendon

palaeoniscoid scale
type: Class
subclass of: ganoid scale
definition: Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine and bone; not known in extant taxa.
has_exact_synonym: Palaeoniscus-type scale
id: VSAO:0000074
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Palaeoniscus-type scale
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated source: palaeoniscoid scale
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine and bone; not known in extant taxa.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: palaeoniscoid scale

appendage
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
id: VSAO:0000075
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

appendicular skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: appendicular skeletal system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: appendage/girdle complex
definition: Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.
id: VSAO:0000076
has_related_synonym: appendicular skeletal system
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: appendicular skeletal system
annotated source: appendicular skeleton
annotated property: has_related_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:cjm
annotated property: definition
annotated source: appendicular skeleton

non-mineralized chondroid tissue
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal tissue
id: VSAO:0000077
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

chondroid tissue
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: non-mineralized chondroid tissue
definition: Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue.
id: VSAO:0000078
has_exact_synonym: chondroid bone tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: chondroid bone tissue
annotated source: chondroid tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: chondroid tissue

odontode scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale
definition: Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis.
id: VSAO:0000079
has_exact_synonym: placoid scale
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: placoid scale
annotated source: odontode scale
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: odontode scale

keratin-based scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale
definition: Fold or elevation of the epidermis rich in keratin proteins; possibly calcified but does not contain skeletal elements.
id: VSAO:0000080
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Fold or elevation of the epidermis rich in keratin proteins; possibly calcified but does not contain skeletal elements.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: keratin-based scale

cosmoid scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale
definition: Multi-tissue integumentary element composed of enamel or enameloid, dentine and lamellar bone, and characterized by pore-canal system.
id: VSAO:0000081
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Multi-tissue integumentary element composed of enamel or enameloid, dentine and lamellar bone, and characterized by pore-canal system.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cosmoid scale

craniofacial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: cranial skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_location
  some values from: craniofacial region
definition: Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells.
has_exact_synonym: Cranio-facial skeleton
id: VSAO:0000082
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cranio-facial skeleton
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated source: craniofacial skeleton
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: craniofacial skeleton

craniofacial region
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
id: VSAO:0000083
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

cementocyte
type: Class
database_cross_reference: CL:0000141
term replaced by: CL:0000141
definition: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell.
id: VSAO:0000084
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cementocyte

chondrocyte
type: Class
database_cross_reference: CL:0000138
term replaced by: CL:0000138
definition: Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
id: VSAO:0000085
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: chondrocyte

secondary cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: cartilage tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dermal skeleton
definition: Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation.
id: VSAO:0000086
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: secondary cartilage tissue

cosmine
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
id: VSAO:0000087
has_exact_synonym: cosmoid scale tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: cosmoid scale tissue
annotated source: cosmine
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

mineralized cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: cartilage tissue
definition: Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
id: VSAO:0000088
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: mineralized cartilage tissue

non-mineralized cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: cartilage tissue
definition: Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
id: VSAO:0000089
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: non-mineralized cartilage tissue

integumentary skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_location
  some values from: integument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dermal skeleton
definition: Skeletal subdivision that is part of the extra-oral dermal skeletal system that develops and remains invested within the integument, primarily the dermis.
id: VSAO:0000090
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision that is part of the extra-oral dermal skeletal system that develops and remains invested within the integument, primarily the dermis.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: integumentary skeleton

elastic cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: non-mineralized cartilage tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: chondrogenic condensation
definition: Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.
id: VSAO:0000091
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: elastic cartilage tissue

chondrogenic condensation
type: Class
subclass of: cell condensation
definition: Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
id: VSAO:0000092
has_exact_synonym: cartilaginous condensation
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
database_cross_reference: GO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: chondrogenic condensation

postcranial axial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: axial skeleton
definition: Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
id: VSAO:0000093
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: postcranial axial skeleton

hyaline cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: cartilage tissue
definition: Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.
id: VSAO:0000094
has_exact_synonym: hyaline cartilage
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: hyaline cartilage tissue

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: hyaline cartilage
annotated source: hyaline cartilage tissue
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

non-terminally differentiated odontoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:00007012
definition: Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell.
id: VSAO:0000095
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: non-terminally differentiated odontoblast

terminally differentiated odontoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:00007013
definition: Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine.
id: VSAO:0000096
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: terminally differentiated odontoblast

orthodentine
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
definition: Odontoid tissue that typically contains tubules and is acellular.
id: VSAO:0000097
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontoid tissue that typically contains tubules and is acellular.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: orthodentine

hypertrophic chondrocyte
type: Class
database_cross_reference: CL:0000743
term replaced by: CL:0000743
definition: Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).
id: VSAO:0000098
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: hypertrophic chondrocyte

fin
type: Class
subclass of: appendage
definition: Surface structure involved in locomotion.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:0008897
id: VSAO:0000099
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Surface structure involved in locomotion.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: fin

periarticular chondrocyte
type: Class
database_cross_reference: CL:0000742
term replaced by: CL:0000742
definition: Chondrocyte that is located on a joint surface; part of articular cartilage.
id: VSAO:0000100
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Chondrocyte that is located on a joint surface; part of articular cartilage.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: periarticular chondrocyte

joint
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
definition: Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
id: VSAO:0000101
has_exact_synonym: articulation
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: joint

osteodentine
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
id: VSAO:0000102
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

fibrocartilage
type: Class
subclass of: cartilage tissue
definition: Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
id: VSAO:0000103
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: fibrocartilage

ganoine
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ganoid scale
definition: Odontogenic tissue that is hypermineralized acellular, noncollagenous, covered by an epidermis and often deposited in multiple layers.
id: VSAO:0000104
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontogenic tissue that is hypermineralized acellular, noncollagenous, covered by an epidermis and often deposited in multiple layers.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ganoine

limiting layer of elasmoid scale
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: elasmoid scale
definition: Hypermineralized tissue lacking collagen (except Sharpey's fibres), developing in close proximity to the basal cells of the overlying epithelium.
id: VSAO:0000105
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Hypermineralized tissue lacking collagen (except Sharpey's fibres), developing in close proximity to the basal cells of the overlying epithelium.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: limiting layer of elasmoid scale

vasodentine
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
definition: Dentine tissue that lacks dentine tubules and that is penetrated by blood capillaries.
id: VSAO:0000106
has_exact_synonym: vascular dentine
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Dentine tissue that lacks dentine tubules and that is penetrated by blood capillaries.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: vasodentine

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: vascular dentine
annotated source: vasodentine
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

elasmodine
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: elasmoid scale
definition: Odontogenic tissue that consists of multiple layers of collagen fibers organized in orthogonal or twisted arrangements.
id: VSAO:0000107
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontogenic tissue that consists of multiple layers of collagen fibers organized in orthogonal or twisted arrangements.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: elasmodine

non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: non-mineralized cartilage tissue
subclass of: hyaline cartilage tissue
definition: Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
id: VSAO:0000108
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue

mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: mineralized tissue
subclass of: mineralized cartilage tissue
subclass of: hyaline cartilage tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: hyaline cartilage tissue
definition: Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
id: VSAO:0000109
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue

columnar chondrocyte
type: Class
subclass of: chondrocyte
database_cross_reference: CL:0000744
definition: Chondrocyte that is linearly arranged with other columnar chondrocytes.
id: VSAO:0000110
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Chondrocyte that is linearly arranged with other columnar chondrocytes.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: columnar chondrocyte

paired fin
type: Class
subclass of: paired appendage
subclass of: fin
definition: Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:0000151
id: VSAO:0000111
has_exact_synonym: artioptérygie (French)
has_exact_synonym: nageoire paire (French)
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000140
annotated target: artioptérygie (French)
annotated source: paired fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000164
annotated target: nageoire paire (French)
annotated source: paired fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: paired fin

odontocyte
type: Class
database_cross_reference: CL:0000140
term replaced by: CL:0000140
definition: Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell.
id: VSAO:0000112
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: odontocyte

enameloid
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: pre-enameloid
definition: Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue.
id: VSAO:0000113
has_exact_synonym: bitypic enamel
has_exact_synonym: durodentine
has_exact_synonym: enameloid tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
has_exact_synonym: vitrodentine

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: enameloid tissue
annotated source: enameloid
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: vitrodentine
annotated source: enameloid
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: bitypic enamel
annotated source: enameloid
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: durodentine
annotated source: enameloid
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: enameloid

pre-enameloid
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
definition: Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
id: VSAO:0000114
has_exact_synonym: non-mineralized enameloid tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: non-mineralized enameloid tissue
annotated source: pre-enameloid
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pre-enameloid

mineralized bone tissue
type: Class
subclass of: mineralized tissue
subclass of: bone tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: osteoid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mineralized extracellular matrix
definition: Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.
id: VSAO:0000115
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: mineralized bone tissue

terminally differentiated osteoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0001039
definition: Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.
id: VSAO:0000116
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: terminally differentiated osteoblast

non-terminally differentiated osteoblast
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0001040
definition: Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.
id: VSAO:0000117
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: non-terminally differentiated osteoblast

cellular bone tissue
type: Class
subclass of: mineralized bone tissue
definition: Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
id: VSAO:0000118
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: cellular bone tissue

non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
type: Class
subclass of: avascular GAG-rich matrix
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: non-mineralized cartilage tissue
definition: Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.
id: VSAO:0000119
has_exact_synonym: non-mineralized cartilage
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: non-mineralized cartilage
annotated source: non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
type: Class
subclass of: mineralized extracellular matrix
subclass of: avascular GAG-rich matrix
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mineralized cartilage tissue
definition: Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.
id: VSAO:0000120
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix

free limb
type: Class
subclass of: paired appendage
id: VSAO:0000121
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

acellular bone tissue
type: Class
subclass of: mineralized bone tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: terminally differentiated osteoblast
definition: Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes.
id: VSAO:0000122
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: acellular bone tissue

odontode tissue
type: Class
subclass of: odontoid tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: pre-dentine
definition: Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.
id: VSAO:0000123
has_related_synonym: dental tissue
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: dental tissue
annotated source: odontode tissue
annotated property: has_related_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: odontode tissue

osteocyte
type: Class
term replaced by: CL:0000137
database_cross_reference: CL:0000137
definition: Skeletogenic cell that secretes and is embedded in lacunae within mineralized bone matrix and that arises from the transformation of non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts. Interconnected with other osteocytes in lacunae by canaliculi.
id: VSAO:0000124
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletogenic cell that secretes and is embedded in lacunae within mineralized bone matrix and that arises from the transformation of non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts. Interconnected with other osteocytes in lacunae by canaliculi.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: osteocyte

pectoral appendage
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: paired appendage
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pectoral appendage/girdle complex
subclass of: paired appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral appendage/girdle complex
id: VSAO:0000125
has_exact_synonym: anterior paired appendage
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

pelvic appendage
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: paired appendage
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pelvic appendage/girdle complex
subclass of: paired appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pelvic appendage/girdle complex
id: VSAO:0000126
has_exact_synonym: posterior paired appendage
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

gastralium
type: Class
subclass of: dermal bone
definition: Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column.
id: VSAO:0000127
has_exact_synonym: abdominal rib
has_exact_synonym: belly rib
has_exact_synonym: gastralia
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: gastralium

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: belly rib
annotated source: gastralium
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: abdominal rib
annotated source: gastralium
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: gastralia
annotated source: gastralium
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

skeletal element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: compound organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: skeleton
subclass of: compound organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skeleton
definition: Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.
id: VSAO:0000128
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: skeletal element

pelvic fin
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: paired fin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pelvic appendage/girdle complex
subclass of: paired fin
subclass of: pelvic appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pelvic appendage/girdle complex
definition: Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:0000152
id: VSAO:0000129
has_exact_synonym: ischioptérygie (French)
has_exact_synonym: nageoire pelvienne (French)
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pelvic fin

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000164
annotated target: nageoire pelvienne (French)
annotated source: pelvic fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000142
annotated target: ischioptérygie (French)
annotated source: pelvic fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

dermal bone
type: Class
subclass of: membrane bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dermal skeleton
definition: Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm.
id: VSAO:0000130
has_exact_synonym: dermal element
has_related_synonym: membrane bone
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: dermal element
annotated source: dermal bone
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: dermal bone

Axiom
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated target: membrane bone
annotated source: dermal bone
annotated property: has_related_synonym

appendicular ossicle
type: Class
subclass of: ossicle
comment: Examples of appendicular ossicles include the patella and meniscus of the knee joint.
definition: Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000131
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000169
annotated property: definition
annotated source: appendicular ossicle

ossicle
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal element
comment: Ossicles are composed of a combination skeletal tissues, including bone, calcified cartilage, hyaline cartilage, etc, and exhibit variable development across species. Ossicles are not necessarily jointed, and examples include the menisci of synovial joints, "Panda's thumb" (radial sesamoid), cardiac skeletal elements, sclerotic bones, middle ear ossicles, and sesamoids.
definition: Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition.
id: VSAO:0000132
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000169
annotated target: Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ossicle

axial ossicle
type: Class
subclass of: ossicle
comment: Examples of axial ossicles include the ossified tendons adjacent to the neural spines of the vertebral column.
definition: Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000133
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000169
annotated property: definition
annotated source: axial ossicle

ossified tendon
type: Class
subclass of: sesamoid
definition: Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint.
id: VSAO:0000134
has_related_synonym: intratendonous ossification
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000169
annotated target: Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ossified tendon

replacement element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: replacement ossification
subclass of: skeletal element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: replacement ossification
definition: Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue.
id: VSAO:0000135
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: replacement element

direct ossification
type: Class
term replaced by: GO:0036072
definition: Ossification that does not require the replacement of pre-existing tissues, most often a cartilaginous model.
id: VSAO:0000136
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Ossification that does not require the replacement of pre-existing tissues, most often a cartilaginous model.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: direct ossification

sesamoid
type: Class
subclass of: ossicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_in
  some values from: dense regular connective tissue
definition: Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation.
comment: Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.
id: VSAO:0000137
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation.
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000169
annotated property: definition
annotated source: sesamoid

ligamentous replacement element
type: Class
subclass of: replacement element
definition: Replacement element that forms as a replacement of a ligament.
id: VSAO:0000138
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Replacement element that forms as a replacement of a ligament.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ligamentous replacement element

endochondral element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: endochondral ossification
subclass of: replacement element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: endochondral ossification
definition: A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
id: VSAO:0000139
has_exact_synonym: endochondral replacement element
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: endochondral element

replacement ossification
type: Class
term replaced by: GO:0036075
definition: Ossification that requires the replacement of a pre-existing tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
id: VSAO:0000140
has_exact_synonym: indirect ossification
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Ossification that requires the replacement of a pre-existing tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: replacement ossification

intramembranous ossification
type: Class
definition: Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme with the formation of an osteogenic condensation not associated with a perichondrium.
term replaced by: GO:0001957
database_cross_reference: GO:0001957
id: VSAO:0000141
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme with the formation of an osteogenic condensation not associated with a perichondrium.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: intramembranous ossification

metaplastic ossification
type: Class
definition: Direct ossification in which transformation of the pre-existing tissue occurs without dedifferentiation of cells or reinitiation of cell division; direct transformation of a non-bone tissue into a bone tissue.
term replaced by: GO:0036074
id: VSAO:0000142
has_exact_synonym: metaplasia
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Direct ossification in which transformation of the pre-existing tissue occurs without dedifferentiation of cells or reinitiation of cell division; direct transformation of a non-bone tissue into a bone tissue.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: metaplastic ossification

endochondral ossification
type: Class
term replaced by: GO:0001958
definition: Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
id: VSAO:0000143
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: endochondral ossification

perichondral ossification
type: Class
term replaced by: GO:0036073
definition: Intramembranous ossification on the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
id: VSAO:0000144
deprecated: true
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Intramembranous ossification on the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: perichondral ossification

endochondral bone
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bone element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops from
    some values from: cartilage element
subclass of: bone element
subclass of: endochondral element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops from
  some values from: cartilage element
definition: Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
id: VSAO:0000145
has_exact_synonym: ossified chondrogenic bone
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: endochondral bone

transient cartilaginous element
type: Class
subclass of: cartilage element
subclass of: endochondral element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: endochondral ossification
definition: Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage during development and has the potential to become replaced by another tissue.
id: VSAO:0000146
has_exact_synonym: endochondral replacement cartilage
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage during development and has the potential to become replaced by another tissue.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: transient cartilaginous element

pectoral fin
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: paired fin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pectoral appendage/girdle complex
subclass of: paired fin
subclass of: pectoral appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral appendage/girdle complex
definition: Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:0000151
id: VSAO:0000147
has_exact_synonym: forefin
has_exact_synonym: nageoire pectorale (French)
has_exact_synonym: omoptérygie (French)
has_exact_synonym: thoracoptérygie (French)
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000164
annotated target: nageoire pectorale (French)
annotated source: pectoral fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000154
annotated target: omoptérygie (French)
annotated source: pectoral fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pectoral fin

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000140
annotated target: thoracoptérygie (French)
annotated source: pectoral fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

forelimb
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: free limb
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pectoral appendage/girdle complex
subclass of: free limb
subclass of: pectoral appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral appendage/girdle complex
id: VSAO:0000148
has_exact_synonym: pectoral limb
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

pharyngeal arch
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cranial skeleton
id: VSAO:0000149
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

hindlimb
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: free limb
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pelvic appendage/girdle complex
subclass of: free limb
subclass of: pelvic appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pelvic appendage/girdle complex
id: VSAO:0000150
has_exact_synonym: hind limb
has_exact_synonym: hind-limb
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

forelimb skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: free limb skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: forelimb
id: VSAO:0000151
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

hindlimb skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: free limb skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb
id: VSAO:0000152
has_exact_synonym: hind limb skeleton
has_exact_synonym: hind-limb skeleton
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

pectoral fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: paired fin skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral fin
definition: Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid.
id: VSAO:0000153
has_exact_synonym: forefin skeleton
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pectoral fin skeleton

pelvic fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: paired fin skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pelvic fin
definition: Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radials and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia.
id: VSAO:0000154
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radials and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia.
database_cross_reference: TAO:GA_TG
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pelvic fin skeleton

pelvic girdle skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: girdle skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pelvic girdle region
definition: Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.
id: VSAO:0000155
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:cjm
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pelvic girdle skeleton

pectoral girdle skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: girdle skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral girdle region
definition: Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.
id: VSAO:0000156
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:cjm
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pectoral girdle skeleton

scapula
type: Class
subclass of: endochondral bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral girdle skeleton
id: VSAO:0000157
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

coracoid
type: Class
subclass of: endochondral bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral girdle skeleton
id: VSAO:0000158
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

ossified ligament
type: Class
subclass of: sesamoid
definition: Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint.
id: VSAO:0000159
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000169
annotated target: Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: ossified ligament

anocleithrum
type: Class
subclass of: dermal bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral girdle skeleton
definition: Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is dorsal to and articulates with the cleithrum.
comment: In sarcopterygians; analogous in position to postcleithrum in actinopterygians.
id: VSAO:0000160
has_exact_synonym: anocleithra
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: anocleithra
annotated source: anocleithrum
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is dorsal to and articulates with the cleithrum.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: anocleithrum

interclavicle
type: Class
subclass of: dermal bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral girdle skeleton
definition: Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is median and ventral in position.
id: VSAO:0000161
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is median and ventral in position.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: interclavicle

median fin
type: Class
subclass of: fin
definition: Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.
id: VSAO:0000162
has_exact_synonym: nageoire impaire (French)
has_exact_synonym: périssoptérygie (French)
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000164
annotated target: nageoire impaire (French)
annotated source: median fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: median fin

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000140
annotated target: périssoptérygie (French)
annotated source: median fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

anal fin
type: Class
subclass of: median fin
definition: Median fin that is located posterior to the anus.
id: VSAO:0000163
has_exact_synonym: nageoire anale (French)
has_exact_synonym: proctoptère (French)
has_exact_synonym: proctoptérygie (French)
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000164
annotated target: nageoire anale (French)
annotated source: anal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Median fin that is located posterior to the anus.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: anal fin

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PAPUB:0000142
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000140
annotated target: proctoptérygie (French)
annotated source: anal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000136
annotated target: proctoptère (French)
annotated source: anal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

caudal fin
type: Class
subclass of: median fin
definition: The caudal fin is the most posterior median fin. It is composed of a complex of three modified centra and modified neural and hemal arches and spines. Mabee and Bird, 2001.
id: VSAO:0000164
has_exact_synonym: nageoire caudale (French)
has_exact_synonym: tail
has_exact_synonym: tail fin
has_exact_synonym: uroptère (French)
has_exact_synonym: uroptérygie (French)
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000135
annotated target: uroptère (French)
annotated source: caudal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000164
annotated target: nageoire caudale (French)
annotated source: caudal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: The caudal fin is the most posterior median fin. It is composed of a complex of three modified centra and modified neural and hemal arches and spines. Mabee and Bird, 2001.
database_cross_reference: ZFIN:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: caudal fin

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000140
annotated target: uroptérygie (French)
annotated source: caudal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

dorsal fin
type: Class
subclass of: median fin
definition: Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
id: VSAO:0000165
has_exact_synonym: nageoire dorsale (French)
has_exact_synonym: notoptère (French)
has_exact_synonym: notoptérygie (French)
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000164
annotated target: nageoire dorsale (French)
annotated source: dorsal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: dorsal fin

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000140
annotated target: notoptérygie (French)
annotated source: dorsal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000163
annotated target: notoptère (French)
annotated source: dorsal fin
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

anal fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: median fin skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anal fin
definition: Median fin skeleton that is located posterior to the anus.
id: VSAO:0000166
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Median fin skeleton that is located posterior to the anus.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: anal fin skeleton

caudal fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: median fin skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: caudal fin
definition: Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin.
id: VSAO:0000167
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: caudal fin skeleton

dorsal fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: median fin skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dorsal fin
definition: Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
id: VSAO:0000168
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: dorsal fin skeleton

paired fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: limb/fin skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: paired fin
definition: Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).
id: VSAO:0000169
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: paired fin skeleton

median fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: median fin
definition: Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism.
id: VSAO:0000170
has_exact_synonym: axial fin skeleton
has_exact_synonym: unpaired fin skeleton
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: median fin skeleton

scapular complex
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral girdle skeleton
comment: A scapular complex is described in placoderms (Goujet and Young, 1995).
definition: Skeletal subdivision of dermal bones that may include the anterolateral plate (AL), the spinal process (Sp), and anteroventral plate (AV) and other dermal bones that are part of the pectoral girdle.
id: VSAO:0000171
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision of dermal bones that may include the anterolateral plate (AL), the spinal process (Sp), and anteroventral plate (AV) and other dermal bones that are part of the pectoral girdle.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: scapular complex

lepidotrichium
type: Class
subclass of: dermal bone
definition: Dermal bone that is rod-like, formed and usually contained in a fin membrane, and jointed to or adjacent to distal radials. Lepidotrichia are formed from paired hemitrichia surrounding actinotrichia. There are usually two more lepidotrichia than distal radials.
id: VSAO:0000172
has_exact_synonym: fin ray
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Dermal bone that is rod-like, formed and usually contained in a fin membrane, and jointed to or adjacent to distal radials. Lepidotrichia are formed from paired hemitrichia surrounding actinotrichia. There are usually two more lepidotrichia than distal radials.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: lepidotrichium

pelvic fin lepidotrichium
type: Class
subclass of: lepidotrichium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pelvic fin skeleton
definition: Lepidotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000173
has_exact_synonym: pelvic fin lepidotrichia
has_exact_synonym: pelvic fin ray
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Lepidotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin skeleton.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pelvic fin lepidotrichium

Axiom
annotated target: pelvic fin lepidotrichia
annotated source: pelvic fin lepidotrichium
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

caudal fin lepidotrichium
type: Class
subclass of: lepidotrichium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: caudal fin skeleton
definition: Lepidotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000174
has_exact_synonym: caudal fin ray
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Lepidotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: caudal fin lepidotrichium

pectoral fin lepidotrichium
type: Class
subclass of: lepidotrichium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral fin skeleton
comment: Each pectoral lepidotrichium may be unsegmented (e.g., spine), segmented but unbranched (e.g., leading ray) or segmented and branched. Definition of lepidotrichium by Schultze and Arratia (1989: 217). For additional information about lepidotrichia see Arratia et al. 2001 and Arratia 2008.
definition: Lepidotrichium that is part of the pectoral fin skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000175
has_exact_synonym: pectoral fin lepidotrichia
has_exact_synonym: pectoral fin ray
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: pectoral fin lepidotrichia
annotated source: pectoral fin lepidotrichium
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Lepidotrichium that is part of the pectoral fin skeleton.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pectoral fin lepidotrichium

anal fin lepidotrichium
type: Class
subclass of: lepidotrichium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anal fin skeleton
definition: Lepidotrichium that is part of the anal fin skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000176
has_exact_synonym: anal fin lepidotrichia
has_exact_synonym: anal fin ray
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: anal fin lepidotrichia
annotated source: anal fin lepidotrichium
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Lepidotrichium that is part of the anal fin skeleton.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: anal fin lepidotrichium

dorsal fin lepidotrichium
type: Class
subclass of: lepidotrichium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dorsal fin skeleton
definition: Lepidotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton.
id: VSAO:0000177
has_exact_synonym: dorsal fin lepidotrichia
has_exact_synonym: dorsal fin ray
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Lepidotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: dorsal fin lepidotrichium

Axiom
annotated target: dorsal fin lepidotrichia
annotated source: dorsal fin lepidotrichium
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

embryonic structure
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.
id: VSAO:0000178
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.
database_cross_reference: ZFIN:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: embryonic structure

fin bud
type: Class
subclass of: surface structure
subclass of: embryonic structure
id: VSAO:0000179
has_exact_synonym: fin buds
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: fin buds
annotated source: fin bud
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

process
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.
id: VSAO:0000180
has_related_synonym: bony projection
has_exact_synonym: flange
has_exact_synonym: flanges
has_exact_synonym: lamella
has_exact_synonym: lamellae
has_exact_synonym: lamina
has_exact_synonym: laminae
has_exact_synonym: processes
has_exact_synonym: projection
has_exact_synonym: projections
has_exact_synonym: ridge
has_exact_synonym: ridges
has_exact_synonym: shelf
has_exact_synonym: shelves
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: shelves
annotated source: process
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: ridges
annotated source: process
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: processes
annotated source: process
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: lamellae
annotated source: process
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: flanges
annotated source: process
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: projections
annotated source: process
has_synonym_type: PLURAL
annotated property: has_exact_synonym

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: process

articular system
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal system
definition: Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
id: VSAO:0000181
has_exact_synonym: joint system
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: articular system

suprabranchial fin
type: Class
subclass of: paired fin
definition: Paired fin that is a bilaterally paired anterior outgrowth located high on the side of the animal, not far behind the orbit, with the posterior extremity corresponding with the expected posterior end of the branchial region.
comment: Suprabranchial fins are anterior outgrowths from the cephalothorax of thelodonts. Typically scale covered. They do not appear to contain skeletal tissues or elements.
id: VSAO:0000182
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: PSPUB:0000172
annotated target: Paired fin that is a bilaterally paired anterior outgrowth located high on the side of the animal, not far behind the orbit, with the posterior extremity corresponding with the expected posterior end of the branchial region.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: suprabranchial fin

vertebral centrum
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vertebral element
definition: Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.
comment: The vertebral centrum may be cartilaginous, develop as cartilage but be replaced by bone or mineralized, or form directly through intramembranous ossification.
id: VSAO:0000183
has_exact_synonym: centrum
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: vertebral centrum

vertebral element
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vertebral column
definition: Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.
id: VSAO:0000184
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.
database_cross_reference: TAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: vertebral element

vertebral column
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: postcranial axial skeleton
definition: Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.
id: VSAO:0000185
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:curator
annotated property: definition
annotated source: vertebral column

femur
type: Class
subclass of: endochondral bone
creation date: 2012-03-08T09:23:01Z
definition: Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium.
id: VSAO:0000186
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:NI
annotated property: definition
annotated source: femur

pectoral appendage/girdle complex
type: Class
subclass of: appendage/girdle complex
creation date: 2012-04-23T10:37:01Z
definition: Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.
id: VSAO:0000213
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:MAH
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pectoral appendage/girdle complex

appendage/girdle complex
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
creation date: 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z
definition: Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.
comment: It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.
id: VSAO:0000214
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: appendage/girdle complex

pelvic appendage/girdle complex
type: Class
subclass of: appendage/girdle complex
creation date: 2012-04-23T10:51:37Z
definition: Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.
id: VSAO:0000215
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:MAH
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pelvic appendage/girdle complex

free limb skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: limb/fin skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: free limb
creation date: 2012-06-26T07:29:11Z
definition: Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.
id: VSAO:0000300
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: free limb skeleton

limb/fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: appendicular skeleton
creation date: 2012-06-26T07:42:15Z
definition: Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.
id: VSAO:0000301
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: limb/fin skeleton

girdle skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: appendicular skeleton
creation date: 2012-06-26T09:34:08Z
definition: Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.
id: VSAO:0000302
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated target: Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.
annotated property: definition
annotated source: girdle skeleton

appendage girdle region
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
creation date: 2012-06-26T09:36:49Z
definition: An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.
id: VSAO:0000303
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:cjm
annotated property: definition
annotated source: appendage girdle region

pelvic girdle region
type: Class
subclass of: appendage girdle region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pelvic appendage/girdle complex
creation date: 2012-06-26T09:40:03Z
comment: Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pelvic girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.
definition: Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.
id: VSAO:0000304
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:cjm
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pelvic girdle region

pectoral girdle region
type: Class
subclass of: appendage girdle region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pectoral appendage/girdle complex
creation date: 2012-06-26T09:40:22Z
definition: An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.
comment: Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.
id: VSAO:0000305
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:cjm
annotated property: definition
annotated source: pectoral girdle region

appendicular skeletal system
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal system
creation date: 2012-06-26T10:22:36Z
definition: Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.
id: VSAO:0000306
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:cjm
annotated property: definition
annotated source: appendicular skeletal system

perichordal bone
type: Class
subclass of: bone element
creation date: 2012-07-13T10:45:03Z
definition: Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord.
id: VSAO:0000307
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: perichordal bone

perichondral bone
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bone element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: perichondral ossification
subclass of: membrane bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: perichondral ossification
creation date: 2012-07-13T10:46:34Z
definition: Bone element that is located on the surface of a cartilage element.
id: VSAO:0000308
created by: haendel
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Bone element that is located on the surface of a cartilage element.
database_cross_reference: GO_REF:0000034
annotated property: definition
annotated source: perichondral bone

stylopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: free limb skeleton
creation date: 2012-01-27T02:33:19Z
definition: Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.
id: VSAO:0005007
created by: nizaribrahim
has_related_synonym: propodium
has_related_synonym: stylopod
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:NI
annotated property: definition
annotated source: stylopodial skeleton

zeugopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: free limb skeleton
creation date: 2012-01-27T02:50:34Z
definition: Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium.
id: VSAO:0005010
has_exact_synonym: epipodium
created by: nizaribrahim
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
has_exact_synonym: zygopodium

Axiom
annotated target: Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:NI
annotated property: definition
annotated source: zeugopodial skeleton

autopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: free limb skeleton
creation date: 2012-01-30T01:38:27Z
definition: Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.
id: VSAO:0005019
created by: nizaribrahim
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:NI
annotated property: definition
annotated source: autopodial skeleton

mesopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: autopodial skeleton
creation date: 2012-01-30T01:45:41Z
definition: Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.
id: VSAO:0005022
has_exact_synonym: basipodium
created by: nizaribrahim
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:NI
annotated property: definition
annotated source: mesopodial skeleton

metapodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: autopodial skeleton
creation date: 2012-01-30T01:58:58Z
definition: Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.
id: VSAO:0005025
created by: nizaribrahim
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:NI
annotated property: definition
annotated source: metapodial skeleton

acropodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: skeletal subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: autopodial skeleton
creation date: 2012-01-30T02:09:30Z
definition: Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges.
database_cross_reference: UBERON:0002254
id: VSAO:0005028
created by: nizaribrahim
comment: sometimes mistakenly used to include the metapodium
has_obo_namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy

Axiom
annotated target: Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges.
database_cross_reference: VSAO:NI
annotated property: definition
annotated source: acropodial skeleton