Andrea Danielli Enrico Fagnoni The AMLO-core is the main module of the AMLO projects that adds some concepts to describe the Anti Money Laundering (AML) knowledge and facts. AMLO-core can be used as an upper ontology to derive taxonomies and axioms as well as a way to share information among investigators. The amlo-core vocabulary is copyright (c) 2019-2022 by Enrico Fagnoni and Andrea Danielli in the scope of the AMLO project by Mopso and it is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International By 4.0. This work is compatible with the FIBO ontology Copyright (c) EDM Council, Inc. and Object Management Group, Inc. Please note that this software is Open Source but it is not free. You can use as is, or if you want to include it your commercial product, please contact Mopso, free licenses available for researchand student. Anti Money Laundering Ontology core vocabulary (AMLO-core) AMLO-core is a formal conceptual model that defines the main terms used in Anti Money Laundering (AML) investigations. AMLO-core is developed by a multidisciplinary group of domain experts and data scientists as part of the AMLO project by Mopso and LinkedData.Center. AMLO-core vocabulary 1.7.0 define one stage in a lifetime of a subject (e.g. an annotation) default weight vector to calculate a default risk profile. It applies only to risk annotations. has risk profile impact A statistical distribution on a risk dimension between 0 and 1 risk distribution 0 1 a value that estimates a risk, if it tends to infinity the risk is a certainty; Zero indicates an absence of risk. The logarithmic scale best fits a measurement of this value. It is an additive properties, two risk estimators sums. Negative values indicates an estimate that reduce of the same amount another positive risk. risk estimator annotation signature an unique uri denoting an annotation content signature. Two different annotations, created by different agent may have the same signature because they have the exacly the same semantic meaning except from annotation metadata claimed reference defines a claims referring a URI relates an InconsistenceCDD annotation with the data provided by customer due diligence process customer due diligence data derived from in a data quality annotation defines the predicate that related the target with the referenceData has body true the annotated subject has a money laundery risk profile has risk profile collega una stima quantitativa ad un rischio has size estimator has target is affilated of indicates an organization in which the officer holds some signatory power is autorizezed signatory officer of in a data quality annotation relates the target with the reference data on property The agent operates in a country operates in country in a data quality annotation, it specializes the hasBody property and specifies the data associated with the triple made by "target" and "onProperty" URI reference data transfer purpose classifies a registered value transfer purpose with a formal taxonomy wires account that class of which this subject is a particular example and member; different from P279 (subclass of); for example: K2 is an instance of mountain; volcano is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) instance of applies to account claimed value indicates a claim expressed with a literal represents the declared name of the receiving actor in a transfer event counterparty name an estimator representing the level of criminal risk associated with a subject or entity criminal risk the weight or significance assigned to the criminal risk dimension in a risk assessment or rating process criminal risk weight evidence date indicate a reference date for an evidence an estimator representing the level of fiscal risk associated with a subject or entity fiscal risk the weight or significance assigned to the fiscal risk dimension in a risk assessment or rating process fiscal risk weight an estimator representing the level of geographic risk associated with a subject or entity, indicating the potential risk related to its location, geographic exposure, or presence in specific regions or countries geographic risk the weight or significance assigned to the geographical risk dimension in a risk assessment or rating process geographical risk weight the nominal heat value expressed in a unit of measurement for a specific system or component has nominal heat Family name of a referenced entity or individual linked to a criminal syndicate or affiliated organization has reference family name The weight assigned to a specific risk dimension within a risk profile or assessment has risk dimension weight A numerical value that quantifies a risk estimation has risk estimator is used to record the user's intent or motivation for the creation of an Annotation motivated by true represent the notation of the primary classification defined for the type of the annotated object. primary customer classification represents the self-declared name of the sender actor in a transfer event principal name an estimator representing the level of reputational risk associated with a subject or entity, typically related to its public image, credibility, and trustworthiness reputational risk the weight or significance assigned to the reputational risk dimension in a risk assessment or rating process. reputational risk weight a generic property used to define common characteristics for profile dimension estimators risk dimension estimator a single number between 0 and 1 representing a statistical risk probability on the annotated object risk score size relates to an estimanted money value expressed in euro to be used to compare monetary amounts for AML purpose. An estimator reflecting a subjective assessment of risk, often based on qualitative factors, expert judgment, or individual perception rather than purely quantitative data subjective risk The level of importance assigned to the subjective risk factor during risk evaluation or assessment subjective risk weight date on which a value was estimated was estimated on date a rating score for AML risk as defined in http://w3id.org/amlo/core#ProfileRiskScale AML qualitative rating score 1 1 1 1 account evidence an assesment about a calulated value in an account an annotation about a bad press existence adverse info 1 1 1 aggregated operation a registered opeation that sumarize several smaller value transfer in a period are considered together as a single transaction for purposes such as analysis, reporting, or regulatory compliance. Mainly it is used in Italy in recording of operations in the Archivio Unico Informatico (AUI) 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 a descriptive note or comment added to a specific entity or document to provide additional information or clarification. annotation a descriptive note or comment added to a specific entity or document to provide additional information or clarification. 0 true 1 true a company that declared bankrupt bankrupt Organization 1 an annotation about a bankruptcy risk bankruptcy risk 1 an annotation about a cumulative value transfer >= 1M big transfer 1 an annotation about a person that is or was part of a company bankruptcy connected to bankruptcy 1 an annotation about an agent is living in a place with a geographic risk connected to geographic risk 1 an annotation about an organization has a politically exposed person as an officer or as a shareholder connected to PEP an annotation about an organization with an officer that is a minor political exposed person connected to PIL The annotated organization changed board during the covid period covid 19 change of board true The company objective was changed during Covid19 emergency period to something related to Covid covid19 change of objective true The annotated organization changed shareholder during the covid period covid 19 change of shareholder true A new foreign board member detected during covid period covid 19 foreign board member true 1 covid19 risk true The annotated organization sells covid related matherial to PA during covid period covid 19 sells to PA true the agent web site exposes an offering of Covid related matherial covid19 web offering true The annotated organization works with public administration during covid period covid 19 works with PA true A young board member detected during covid period covid 19 young board member true 1 1 a family affiliated to a criminal syndicate criminal family association an annotation about a place with hight risk of criminal infiltration criminal risk place a mafia-type criminal syndicate criminal syndicate 1 1 1 a claim that a customer explicitly declares during the customer due diligence process customer claim customer due diligence questionnaire a signed document that collects a set of claims 1 1 an AML risk assessment performed by a financial institution for one of its customers 1 1 1 an annotation regarding potential problem with data integrity respect to ontology or common sense. data quality annotation an annotation regarding potential problem with data integrity respect to ontology or common sense. event involving the evaluation of the quality of data data quality assesment a plan to evaluate the quality of data data quality evaluation plan a risk derived from another closely related risk derived risk rating a risk rating derived from another closely related risk an annotation about an individual who personally holds or has held prominent public positions direct politically exposed person an annotation of risk associated directly with a node direct risk rating an risk rating associated directly with a target node 1 an annotation about the distance between location of legal representative and registered office displayed on Brain - Map distance risk 1 an annotation about the termination of an agreement or activity for any reason prior to its expiration date early ceased 1 an annotation about a country subjected to international embargo embargoed country a CorporateOfficer with power of signature executive officer an annotation about an executive officer that is declared in CDD but is not present in 3th party data expired executive officer 1 an annotation about the person with a family name from a place annotated by DIA in Italy family name and geo a dataset derived from the same owner of the knowledge base, containing data obtained from Customer Due Diligence (CDD) and Know Your Customer (KYC) processes. 1st party dataset true an annotation about a company that won the same type of tender more then ten times frequently PA tender winner 1 a risk annotation connected to a geographic or political place geographic risk a risk annotation connected to a geographic or political place 1 an annotation about the potential presence of hidden partners hidden owner an annotation about the discovery that the rate between revenues and the number of employee is greater than a reference value that depends from the company industrial sector high revenues per employee 1 1 an annotation about an organization that operates in a sector classified as being at risk. in sector at risk 1 an annotation about a company that is currently not actively engaged in business inactive company an annotation about the declared revenues does not match incoerent revenues 1 1 a detected difference between a CDD data (i.e. a data about formally known person or an organization) and an information detected by external source Inconsistent CDD 1 1 1 an inconsistence in company industrial code classificiations (e.g. SIC, NACE, ATECO, etc) was detected inconsistent industrial sector true an annotation about an individual who is closely related to a person holding or having held prominent public positions indirect politically exposed person an industrial sector with high risk of criminal infiltration industrial sector crime risk 1 an annotation about an industrial sector risk of criminal infiltration industrial sector risk an institution licensed to operate as a financial entity in Italy italian credit institution a stage in the life of an Amlo ontology term 1 turnover/ staff_cost > 50 Andrea low salaries 19 - Lsalaries true a skos:ConceptScheme that is used as the customer main classification scheme main customer classification scheme 1 an annotation about the subject that has a minor political role that does not qualify as PEP minor political role 1 an annotation about a country with high risk of money laundering activities. money laundering risk country an annotation about the agent as a negative Supreme Court's Judgments negative judgments 1 an annotation about a financial statements not filed no income statement an annotation about a non-profit organization no profit 1 an annotation about the presence of exponents under 25 or over 80 years old officer age risk 1 an annotation about the origin of the an administrator in a place at risk (co-selected countries at risk: GAFI black list, gray list, countries of emigration to Italy - top 10) officer location risk The CDD is too old old CDD true 1 an annotation about a partner from a risky country (co-selected risk countries: FATF blacklist, gray list, emigration countries in Italy - top 10) owner location risk 1 an identification scheme that is managed by a finacial istitution to assign a unique code each known party. party Identification scheme 1 1 A code that uniquely identify an identifierd party. In italy it is used in the italian Archivo Unico Informatico (AUI) of a financial intermediary as NDG (Numero direzione generale) numero direzione generale party identifier NDG 1 an annotation about a politically exposed person politically exposed person an annotation about an entity with a statistically assessed risk based on balance figures derived from EU authorities' indications potential paper company an organization owned or operated by a government or public authority public organization 1 1 1 registered value transfer a value transfer made as an individual transaction event involving the evaluation of an AML risk risk assessment plan to detect a n annotated risk risk detection plan 1 1 1 1 1 a vector of money laundering risk estimators. Each dimension of the risk profile is calculated analyzing a set of risk rating annotations risk profile 1 1 1 1 1 1 a vector of weights used to calculate a risk profile and categorize a risk annotation class. risk profile impact 1 1 an annotation that provides a subjective assessment of the level of risk associated with a particular element, based on the evaluator's judgment. risk rating an annotation that provides a subjective assessment of the level of risk associated with a particular element, based on the evaluator's judgment. an annotation about the presence of at least 3 wire transfers in round numbers (i.e. with 3 trailing zeros) round figure transfer 1 a generic class of sanctions for agents sanction risk an annotation about the reading payer or payee names in order to find associations, onlus, no profit semantic entity wire transfer an annotation about the presence of terms like "donation", "consulting" etc. in the motivation field of the transfer semantic scope wire transfer an annotation about the target companies shares the same legal address shared legal address risk 1 an annotation about an inconsistency with the previous ATECO data revealed by checking the first two digits of the new ATECO classification significant change of business 1 (ECONOMIC ACCOUNT) profit loss < -€500,000 (i.e., a loss greater than half a million) and (BALANCE SHEET) property, plant, and equipment > €5,000,000 (i.e. the size of collateral is greater than €5 million) Andrea significant loss and hight assets 17 - HlossHasset true 1 sized monetary amount a monetary amount that expose a pure number that represents the amount absolute value expreed in EURO a risk assessment based on subjective evaluation by the risk assessor subjective risk an annotation for a company that consecutively wins the same public tender for at least two years subsequent PA Tender Winner 1 a people in terrorism lists terrorism risk an annotation about a place with high risk of terrorism terrorism risk country true The assignment of the sign (Debit or Credit) should be made considering the flows that are activated to or from the financial intermediary. Typically, it is assigned depending on whether the client performs the operation against current accounts or similar accounts (such as card accounts) (“operations executed on account”) or exclusively uses other means of payment and/or bearer instruments that do not transit through continuous relationships (“operations executed for cash”). TransactionSign an annotation for entities with discrepancies between declared 'area of activity' in the questionnaire and foreign IBANs (for counterparties) undeclared country an annotation about a client that does not report operation with public, but found as a winner of a public tender unexpected work with PA 1 an annotation about an unknown officer with a power of attorney or representation unknown officer 1 an annotation about the detection of an undeclared business ultimate owner Andrea unknown UBO 0 1 any value transfer between some parties value transfer causale analitica value transfer purpose classification a standarized transaction classification by operation purposes. For istance see the Archivio Unico Informatico (AUI) specifications an annotation for companies with exceptionally high turnover per employee, compared to the Bank of Italy data, focusing on the first two digits of the ATECO classification. very high margin 1 1 an individual transaction between two bank accounts. wire transfer 1 an annotation about an agent that transfers values to at least a country with a risk annotation works with country at risk an annotation about the subjet won a tender in EU works with EU 1 an annotation about the entities engaging in public procurement activities works with PA 1 an annotation for companies incorporated within the last 12 months of the relationship opening young company 0.5 0.5 the default profile impact for BankruptcyRisk ClassBankruptcyRisk profile impact for BankruptcyRisk 0.5 0.5 the default profile impact for ConnectedToBankruptcy ClassConnectedToBankruptcy profile impact for ConnectedToBankruptcy 0.2 the default profile impact for ConnectedToGeographicRisk ClassConnectedToGeographicRisk profile impact for ConnectedToGeographicRisk 0.5 0.8 the default profile impact for DirectPoliticallyExposedPerson ClassDirectPoliticallyExposedPerson profile impact for DirectPoliticallyExposedPerson 0.5 the default profile impact for DistanceRisk ClassDistanceRisk profile impact for DistanceRisk 0.6 the default profile impact for EarlyCeased ClassEarlyCeased profile impact for EarlyCeased 0.5 the default profile impact for FamilyNameAndGeoRisk ClassFamilyNameAndGeoRisk profile impact for FamilyNameAndGeoRisk 0.5 0.4 the default profile impact for GeographicRisk ClassGeographicRisk profile impact for GeographicRisk 0.5 the default profile impact for HiddenOwner ClassHiddenOwner profile impact for HiddenOwner 0.6 0.2 the default profile impact for InSectorAtRisk ClassInSectorAtRisk profile impact for InSectorAtRisk 0.6 the default profile impact for InactiveCompany ClassInactiveCompany profile impact for InactiveCompany 0.8 the default profile impact for IndirectPoliticallyExposedPerson ClassIndirectPoliticallyExposedPerson profile impact for IndirectPoliticallyExposedPerson 0.5 0.2 the default profile impact for IndustrialSectorRisk ClassIndustrialSectorRisk profile impact for IndustrialSectorRisk 0.7 the default profile impact for LowSalaries ClassLowSalaries profile impact for LowSalaries 0.6 0.7 the default profile impact for NegativeJudgments ClassNegativeJudgments profile impact for NegativeJudgments 0.5 the default profile impact for NoIncomeStatement ClassNoIncomeStatement profile impact for NoIncomeStatement 0.5 0.6 the default profile impact for OfficerAgeRisk ClassOfficerAgeRisk profile impact for OfficerAgeRisk 0.5 the default profile impact for OfficerLocationRisk ClassOfficerLocationRisk profile impact for OfficerLocationRisk 0.5 the default profile impact for OwnerLocationRisk ClassOwnerLocationRisk profile impact for OwnerLocationRisk 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.3 the default profile impact for SharedLegalAddressRisk ClassSharedLegalAddressRisk profile impact for SharedLegalAddressRisk 0.5 the default profile impact for SignificantChangeOfBusiness ClassSignificantChangeOfBusiness profile impact for SignificantChangeOfBusiness 0.7 the default profile impact for SignificantLossWithHighAssets ClassSignificantLossWithHighAssets profile impact for SignificantLossWithHighAssets 0.5 the default profile impact for SubjectiveRisk ClassSubjectiveRisk profile impact for SubjectiveRisk 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 the default profile impact for WorksWithPA ClassWorksWithPA profile impact for WorksWithPA 0.25 the default profile impact for YoungCompany ClassYoungCompany profile impact for YoungCompany 0.5 the default profile impact for worksWithCountryAtRisk ClassworksWithCountryAtRisk profile impact for worksWithCountryAtRisk 1 5 the default five level AML risk rating from 0 (no risk) to 4 hight risk avere credit true a transaction category that represents an increase in resources from the point of view of the financial intermediary + dare debit true a transaction category that represents an decrease in resources from the point of view of financial intermediary - 4 high AML risk Rating profile D il soggetto è in fase di analisi o disegno, in questa fase il termine è inserito nella ontologia in forma non definitiva in design il soggetto è già utilizzato per annotare dei fattii; è lo stato di default se non specificato. 1 irrilevant AML risk Rating profile A 2 low AML risk Rating profile B 3 medium AML risk profile C The subject is planned for implementation planned 1 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.3 1 0.5 1 1