PRO, the Publishing Roles Ontology
type: Ontology
version info: 1.5.4
creator: David Shotton
creator: Silvio Peroni
date: 2015-06-18
comment: PRO, the Publishing Roles Ontology, is an ontology for describing roles in the publication process, or in other scholarly activities or situations, held by particular agent. The role can be specified to exist over a defined period of time, and within a specific context, e.g. with respect to a particular document. PRO forms part of SPAR, a suite of Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies. Other SPAR ontologies are described at http://purl.org/spar/.
description: PRO, the Publishing Roles Ontology, is an ontology written in OWL 2 DL for the characterization of the roles of agents (people, corporate bodies and computational agents) in the publication process. It permits one to specify how an agent has a role relating to a contextual entity, and the period of time during which that role is held. It is based on the Time-indexed Value in Context (TVC) ontology pattern (http://www.essepuntato.it/2012/04/tvc). It is easy to extend the set of specified roles, simply by adding new individuals to the class pro:PublishingRole. This ontology is imported into SCoRO, the Scholarly Contribution and Roles Ontology (http://purl.org/spar/scoro/), where it is used similarly to enable the description of a wider range of contributions and roles relating to other scholarly activities and entities, including academic administration, funded projects, research investigations, data and authorship, and to define their temporal extents and contexts, as for publishing roles in PRO.
description: Since roles have contexts and times that are important to take into account (for example, a person can be author of one paper and reviewer of another, while another person will be editor of a journal only for a defined period, not for ever), the PRO ontology permit these contexts to be specified, using an ontological design pattern called the time-indexed value in context (TVC) (http://www.essepuntato.it/2012/04/tvc/) which is imported into PRO. This ontology design pattern permits one to construct the following RDF statements: foaf:Agent pro:holdsRoleInTime [ a pro:RoleInTime pro:withRole pro:editor ] . Thus the domain of pro:withRole is not foaf:Agent, but rather an anonymous member of the class pro:RoleInTime, which itself is the range of the property pro:holdsRoleInTime, for which the domain is foaf:Agent. The range of pro:withRole is the class pro:Role, whose members permit specific roles to be specified. This single step of indirection permits other contextual and temporal attributes (not shown here) to be specified for this member of the class pro:RoleInTime, putting that role into context. Exemplar usage: foaf:Agent pro:holdsRoleInTime [ a pro:RoleInTime pro:withRole pro:editor ] .
comment: This ontology is available at http://purl.org/spar/pro, and uses the namespace prefix pro.
rights: This work is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
imports: foaf-essential
imports: tvc

holds role in time
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating an agent to a role that the agent holds. This is done via the indirection: foaf:Agent pro:holdsRoleInTime [ a pro:RoleInTime ; pro:withRole pro:Role ] . The ontology permits one to specify the time period over which a role is held, and the other contextual entities to which that agent's role relates.
range: role in time
sub property of: hasValue
domain: agent

is document context for
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating a document to the role for which that document provides the context (e.g. relating a document to the role of author or peer-reviewer of that document).
sub property of: is related to role in time
inverse of: relates to document
domain: document

is role held by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating a role in time that an agent holds, or a contribution situation that an agent makes, to that agent.
domain: role in time
inverse of: holds role in time
sub property of: forEntity
range: agent

is organization context for
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating an organization to the role for which that organization provides the context (e.g. relating an institution to the role of member held by a person).
sub property of: is related to role in time
inverse of: relates to organization
domain: Organization

is person context for
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating a person to the role for which that person provides the context (e.g. relating a graduate student to the role of supervisor held by a faculty member).
sub property of: is related to role in time

is related to role in time
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating an entity to the role for which that entity provides the context.
range: role in time
sub property of: hasTimeIndexedSetting

is role in
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property relating the definition of a specific role to the situation of an agent holding that role.
domain: role
range: role in time
inverse of: with role
sub property of: hasTimeIndexedSetting

relates to document
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating a time-indexed situation describing a publishing role to a document that represents the context for that situation (e.g. relating the role of editor or peer-reviewer to the document being edited or peer-reviewed).
sub property of: relates to
range: document

relates to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating a time-indexed situation to an entity representing the context for that situation.
domain: role in time
inverse of: is related to role in time
sub property of: withinContext

relates to organization
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating a time-indexed situation to an organization that represents the context for that situation (e.g. relating the role of member to the institution of which that person is a member).
sub property of: relates to
range: Organization

relates to person
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property relating a time-indexed situation to a person who represents the context for that situation (e.g. relating the role of an supervisor with respect to the graduate student being supervised).
sub property of: relates to
range: Person

with role
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: An object property connecting an agent's role in time to a definition of the type of role held by this agent, specified as an instance of the class pro:Role or of one of its sub-classes.
range: role
domain: role in time
sub property of: withValue

at time
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: A time interval during which a role is held or a contribution is made by an agent.

publishing role
type: Class
subclass of: role
comment: A role an agent may have with respect to the publishing process. Individual members of this class are used to specify particular roles.

role
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: A role an agent may have. Individual members of this class or its sub-classes are used to specify particular roles.

role in time
type: Class
subclass of: ValueInTime
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is role held by
  on class: agent
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: atTime
  some values from: time interval
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: with role
  some values from: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: atTime
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: time interval
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: hasIntervalDate
      all values from: dateTime
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: relates to
  some values from: Thing
comment: A particular situation that describe a role an agent may have, that can be restricted to a particular time interval.
description: A role in time describes always: - a particular role R - a particular agent A holding R - a particular time interval T in which A holds R (optional) - one or more entities (e.g. a particular bibliographic entity or a specific institution) that defines a context for R held by A. (At least one contextual entity should be specified for a particular role).

time interval
type: Class
comment: Two (starting and ending) points in time that define a particular period of time.

agent
type: Class
comment: An abstract class defining any kind of agents, such as a person, a group, an organization or a software agent.

document
type: Class
comment: An abstract class defining any kinds of publishing work.

archivist
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a person who manages, undertakes and supervises the work of an archive. [This term is typically used with respect to a document archive, whereas the term data curator is used with respect to a data archive.]

author
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role a person has of authorship of some material (for example a document).

author's agent
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: A person who finds work for professional authors, manages their contracts, and works to advance their careers, charging their clients as fees for their services a percentage of the money made from the authors' writings.

biographer
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an author who writes biographies.

blogger
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an author who writes blog posts.

commissioning editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an editor who actively commissions authors to write books to be published by the publishing house for which the commissioning editor works.

compiler
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role an agent has of compiling a number of items into a compilation or collection.

contributor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role an agent has of contribution of some material (for example an article to a magazine).

copy editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an editor who undertakes alterations to the text of a document submitted for publication to improve the formatting, style and accuracy of text, or to bring the text into the house style of the publisher (e.g. Americanization of British spelling), without intentionally altering the substance or meaning of the text.

copyright owner
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of owning the copyright to a publication, usually held by the author or by the publishing house that publishes the author's work.

critic
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an author who writes evaluations and criticisms of, for example, plays or other works of art.

deputy editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a senior editor of a publication who deputizes for the Editor-in-Chief.

distributor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a person who distributes publications.

editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a person who selects and prepares for publication material written and submitted by authors.

editor-in-chief
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of the person who has final responsibility for the editorial operations and policies for a particular publication.

executive editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an editor who has executive responsibility for the production of particular publication, usually acting under the authority of the Editor-in-Chief.

ghost writer
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a professional writer who assists an aspiring author lacking authorship skills to write a book or article for publication, for example by helping the author to create grammatically correct and lucid prose, or who writes the book on behalf of the named author, without himself/herself claiming authorship.

guest editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of someone who is a guest editor, for example for a special themed issue of a journal.

illustrator
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an agent that illustrates a document.

journalist
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an author who writes newspaper or magazine news reports or articles.

librarian
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a person who manages, undertakes and supervises the work of a library.

managing editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an editor who has management responsibility for the production of particular publication, usually acting under the authority of the Executive Editor and the Editor-in-Chief.

peer reviewer
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an academic peer in evaluating a manuscript submitted by an author for publication as a journal article on behalf of the journal editor, or a conference paper on behalf of the conference programme committee, and in deciding whether it is suitable for acceptance, usually subject to revisions suggested by the peer-reviewer.

printer
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an agent involved in printing documents, either a company providing printing services or an individual engaged in the process of printing documents.

producer
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of someone who acts as a producer.

production editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an editor who takes responsibility for the passage of a document through the various stages of the publication workflow from the submitted manuscript to the final publication, including responsibility for scheduling and budget.

proof reader
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a person who reads the proofs of documents to detect any errors prior to final publication.

publisher
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a person or an organization that published material, or of a publisher's employee who has responsibility for such publications.

reader
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a person who reads publications.

reviewer
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of a person who subjects a publication to a written review and critical analysis of its content, scope and quality.

senior editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of the person who has senior responsibility for the editorial operations and policies for a particular publication, usually acting under the authority of the Editor-in-Chief.

series editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of the person who has editorial responsibility for publication series, for example a book series.

translator
type: NamedIndividual
type: publishing role
comment: The role of an agent that translates a document into another language.