The Bibliographic Ontology
type: Ontology
creator: Bruce D'Arcus
creator: Frederick Giasson
description: The Bibliographic Ontology describes bibliographic things on the semantic Web in RDF. This ontology can be used as a citation ontology, as a document classification ontology, or simply as a way to describe any kind of document in RDF. It has been inspired by many existing document description metadata formats, and can be used as a common ground for converting other bibliographic data sources.
version info: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/1.3/

description
type: AnnotationProperty
type: DatatypeProperty
scope note: Used to describe a bibliographic resource.

title
type: AnnotationProperty
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to describe the title of a bibliographic resource

agent
type: ObjectProperty
change note: Used to link an agent (a person) to an event (a conference, an hearing, etc.)

place
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to relate an event such as a conference to the geographical place where it happens, for example Paris.

product
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to link an event such as a conference to an outcome (a product) of that event, for example, an article, a proceeding, etc.

sub event
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to link big events with smaller events such as workshops that happen in the context of a conference.

time
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to describe the timing of an event. For example, when a conference starts and stops.

contributor
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to link a bibliographic item to one of its contributor: can be an author, an editor, a publisher, etc.

format
type: ObjectProperty
example: <dcterms:format> <dcterms:MediaTypeOrExtent> <rdf:value>text/html</rdf:value> <rdfs:label>HTML</rdfs:label> </dcterms:MediaTypeOrExtent> </dcterms:format>
scope note: Used to describe the format of a bibliographic resource.

isReferencedBy
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to relate a reference citation to a bibliographic resource.

language
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to link a bibliographic resource to the language used to express it.

publisher
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to link a bibliographic item to its publisher.

rights
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to describe rights related to a bibliographic resource.

subject
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to describe the subject of a bibliographic resource.

affirmedBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: subsequentLegalDecision
comment: A legal decision that affirms a ruling.

annotates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: relation
range: Resource
comment: Critical or explanatory note for a Document.
term status: stable

list of authors
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: list of contributors
range: Class
  union of: List
  union of: Seq
comment: An ordered list of authors. Normally, this list is seen as a priority list that order authors by importance.
term status: stable

cited by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: cites
comment: Relates a document to another document that cites the first document.
term status: unstable

cites
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: references
comment: Relates a document to another document that is cited by the first document as reference, comment, review, quotation or for another purpose.
term status: unstable

list of contributors
type: ObjectProperty
range: Class
  union of: List
  union of: Seq
comment: An ordered list of contributors. Normally, this list is seen as a priority list that order contributors by importance.
term status: stable

court
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A court associated with a legal document; for example, that which issues a decision.
term status: unstable

degree
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The thesis degree.
term status: unstable
editorial note: We are not defining, using an enumeration, the range of the bibo:degree to the defined list of bibo:ThesisDegree. We won't do it because we want people to be able to define new degress if needed by some special usecases. Creating such an enumeration would restrict this to happen.

director
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contributor
comment: A Film director.
term status: stable

distributor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Distributor of a document or a collection of documents.
term status: stable

editor
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contributor
comment: A person having managerial and sometimes policy-making responsibility for the editorial part of a publishing firm or of a newspaper, magazine, or other publication.
term status: stable

list of editors
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: list of contributors
range: Class
  union of: List
  union of: Seq
comment: An ordered list of editors. Normally, this list is seen as a priority list that order editors by importance.
term status: stable

interviewee
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contributor
comment: An agent that is interviewed by another agent.
term status: stable

interviewer
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contributor
comment: An agent that interview another agent.
term status: stable

issuer
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: publisher
comment: An entity responsible for issuing often informally published documents such as press releases, reports, etc.
term status: unstable

organizer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The organizer of an event; includes conference organizers, but also government agencies or other bodies that are responsible for conducting hearings.
term status: unstable

owner
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Owner of a document or a collection of documents.
term status: unstable

performer
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contributor
term status: stable

presented at
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: produced in
inverse of: presents
comment: Relates a document to an event; for example, a paper to a conference.
term status: unstable

presents
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: product
comment: Relates an event to associated documents; for example, conference to a paper.
term status: unstable

producer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Producer of a document or a collection of documents.
term status: stable

recipient
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An agent that receives a communication document.
term status: stable

reproducedIn
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isPartOf
comment: The resource in which another resource is reproduced.
term status: unstable

reversedBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: subsequentLegalDecision
comment: A legal decision that reverses a ruling.

review of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: relation
range: Resource
comment: Relates a review document to a reviewed thing (resource, item, etc.).
term status: stable

status
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The publication status of (typically academic) content.
term status: stable
editorial note: We are not defining, using an enumeration, the range of the bibo:status to the defined list of bibo:DocumentStatus. We won't do it because we want people to be able to define new status if needed by some special usecases. Creating such an enumeration would restrict this to happen.

subsequentLegalDecision
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isReferencedBy
comment: A legal decision on appeal that takes action on a case (affirming it, reversing it, etc.).

transcript of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: relation
range: Resource
comment: Relates a document to some transcribed original.
term status: unstable

translation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isVersionOf
comment: Relates a translated document to the original document.
term status: stable

translator
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contributor
comment: A person who translates written document from one language to another.
term status: stable

value
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to describe the content of a bibo:Document and othr bibliographic resouces. We suggest to use this property instead of the deprecated "bibo:content" one.

based near
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to link an agent, related to bibliographic things, to a place where it is based near: can be a city, a monument, a building, etc.

depiction
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to link an agent with an image that depict it.

homepage
type: ObjectProperty
scope note: Used to link an agent to its homepage (which is a web page accessible using a URL).

created
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: date
scope note: Used to describe the creation date of a bibliographic item

date
type: DatatypeProperty
scope note: Use to link a bibliographic item to the date of an event. Check dcterms:created and other for proper specializations for this property

issued
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: date
scope note: Used to describe the issue date of a bibliographic resource

abstract
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Resource
range: Literal
comment: A summary of the resource.
term status: stable

date argued
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The date on which a legal case is argued before a court. Date is of format xsd:date
term status: unstable

chapter
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: locator
range: Literal
comment: An chapter number
term status: unstable

content
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: This property is for a plain-text rendering of the content of a Document. While the plain-text content of an entire document could be described by this property.
deprecated: true
term status: unstable
history note: bibo:content has been deprecated; we recommend to use "rdf:value" for this purpose. Here is the rational behind this choice: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#rdfvalue

edition
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The name defining a special edition of a document. Normally its a literal value composed of a version number and words.
term status: stable

issue
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: locator
range: Literal
comment: An issue number
term status: stable

locator
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: A description (often numeric) that locates an item within a containing document or collection.
term status: stable

number of pages
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The number of pages contained in a document
term status: stable

number of volumes
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The number of volumes contained in a collection of documents (usually a series, periodical, etc.).
term status: stable

number
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: A generic item or document number. Not to be confused with issue number.
term status: stable

page end
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: locator
range: Literal
comment: Ending page number within a continuous page range.
term status: stable

page start
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: locator
range: Literal
comment: Starting page number within a continuous page range.
term status: stable

pages
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: locator
range: Literal
comment: A string of non-contiguous page spans that locate a Document within a Collection. Example: 23-25, 34, 54-56. For continuous page ranges, use the pageStart and pageEnd properties.
term status: stable

prefix name
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The prefix of a name
term status: stable

section
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: locator
range: Literal
comment: A section number
term status: unstable
example: Di Rado, Alicia. 1995. Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star trek. Los Angeles Times, March 15, sec. A, p. 3.

short title
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The abbreviation of a title.
term status: stable

suffix name
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The suffix of a name
term status: stable

uri
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: identifier
range: Literal
comment: Universal Resource Identifier of a document
term status: stable

volume
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: locator
range: Literal
comment: A volume number
term status: stable

localityName
type: DatatypeProperty
scope note: Used to name the locality of a publisher, an author, etc.

family name
type: DatatypeProperty
scope note: This is the property we choose to use to describe the family name of a person related to a bibliographic resource.

givenname
type: DatatypeProperty
scope note: This is the property we choose to describe the given name of a Person related to a bibliographic resource. This is the first name of a person.

Conference
type: Class
comment: A meeting for consultation or discussion.
term status: stable

Workshop
type: Class
comment: A seminar, discussion group, or the like, that emphasizes zxchange of ideas and the demonstration and application of techniques, skills, etc.
term status: stable

Person
type: Class
scope note: Used to describe a Person related to a bibliographic ite such as an author, an editor, etc.

Bruce D'Arcus
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person

Frederick Giasson
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person

M.A.
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: masters degree in arts
term status: stable

M.S.
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: masters degree in science
term status: stable

PhD degree
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: PhD degree
term status: stable

accepted
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Accepted for publication after peer reviewing.
term status: stable

draft
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Document drafted
term status: stable

forthcoming
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Document to be published
term status: stable

legal
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Legal document
term status: stable

non peer reviewed
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A document that is not peer reviewed
term status: stable

peer reviewed
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: The process by which articles are chosen to be included in a refereed journal. An editorial board consisting of experts in the same field as the author review the article and decide if it is authoritative enough for publication.
term status: stable

published
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Published document
term status: stable

rejected
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Rejected for publication after peer reviewing.
term status: stable

unpublished
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Unpublished document
term status: stable