LUMC Clinical Ontology (LCO)
type: Ontology
version IRI: release.owl
contributor: 0000−0002−1215−167X
contributor: 0000−0002−8691−772X
contributor: 0000−0003−3934−0072
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0169-8159
creator: 0000−0002−6844−0067
creator: 0000−0003−1795−5930
description: The LUMC Clinical Ontology (LCO) provides an ontology for integration of health observational data collected in the LUMC hospital for patient monitoring and research.
issued: 16-06-2021
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 16-06-2021
modified: free to use,share,modify. modify with attribution [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/].
version info: 1.0

label
range: string
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
type: NamedIndividual
description: A human-readable name for the subject.

part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
domain: healthcare facility
domain: organ
domain: protein
range: person
range: institute
type: NamedIndividual
description: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole.

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: donor registry identifier
domain: beat-covid identifier
domain: clinical identifier
domain: identifier
range: donor role
range: role
range: patient role
range: subject role
type: NamedIndividual
description: a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together.

located in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: subject role
range: healthcare facility
range: institute
type: NamedIndividual
description: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location.

starts during
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: sampling
range: order
type: NamedIndividual
description: starts during is a relation between a process and an information content entity that states a point or period of time when the process has to start. X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)), e.g. the patient sampling starts during what is stated in the order done by the medical doctor.

conforms to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: assay
range: protocol
type: NamedIndividual
description: an established standard to which the described resource conforms.

has version
type: ObjectProperty
domain: evaluation method
range: version label
description: A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.

is related to
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: age
range: subject role
description: A is related to B iff there is some relation between A and B.

has attribute
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
domain: assay
domain: medical screening
domain: sampling
range: date
type: NamedIndividual
description: has attribute is a relation that associates a entity with an attribute where an attribute is an intrinsic characteristic such as a quality, capability, disposition, function, or is an externally derived attribute determined from some descriptor (e.g. a quantity, position, label/identifier) either directly or indirectly through generalization of entities of the same type.

is attribute of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
domain: diagnosis
range: person
type: NamedIndividual
description: is attribute of is a relation that associates an attribute with an entity where an attribute is an intrinsic characteristic such as a quality, capability, disposition, function, or is an externally derived attribute determined from some descriptor (e.g. a quantity, position, label/identifier) either directly or indirectly through generalization of entities of the same type.

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
domain: assay
range: device
type: NamedIndividual
description: has participant is a relation that describes the participation of the object in the (processual) subject.

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has attribute
type: NamedIndividual
description: has quality is a relation between an entity and the quality that it bears.

has unit
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has attribute
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: measurement datum
range: measurement unit label
type: NamedIndividual
description: has unit is a relation between a quantity and the unit it is a multiple of.

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has attribute
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: person
range: donor role
range: role
range: patient role
range: subject role
type: NamedIndividual
description: has role is a relation between an entity and a role that it bears.

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
domain: assay
domain: medical screening
domain: sampling
range: measurement datum
range: material entity
range: sample
type: NamedIndividual
description: has output is a relation between a process and an entity, where the entity is present at the end of the process.

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
domain: assay
domain: medical screening
domain: sampling
range: measurement datum
range: person
range: patient role
range: sample
type: NamedIndividual
description: has input is a relation between a process and an entity, where the entity is present at the beginning of the process.

has target
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has input
domain: assay
domain: medical screening
domain: sampling
range: material entity
range: person
range: organ
range: protein
type: NamedIndividual
description: has target is a relation between a process and an entity, where the entity is present at the beginning of the process and undergoes a change or transformation in the process.

is realized in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
domain: donor role
domain: role
domain: patient role
domain: subject role
range: assay
range: process
range: medical screening
range: sampling
type: NamedIndividual
description: the role of a patient is realized in medical examination.

refers to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
domain: measurement datum
domain: assay
domain: realizable entity
domain: medical screening
range: beat-covid identifier
range: clinical identifier
range: organ
range: protein
range: phenotype
type: NamedIndividual
description: refers to is a relation between one entity and the entity that it makes reference to.

is identifier for
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is attribute of
domain: sample identifier
domain: identifier
range: sample
type: NamedIndividual
description: a relation between an identifier and an entity.

measured at
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
domain: measurement datum
range: date
type: NamedIndividual
description: measured at is a relation between a measurement value and the time measurement.

is associated with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
domain: diagnosis
range: real
range: unsupported
range: positive
range: negative
range: never
range: always
type: NamedIndividual
description: x is associated with y when x and y are logically or statistically related to one another.

is encoded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
domain: protein
range: gene
type: NamedIndividual
description: a relation between two objects, in which the first object is produced from the information contained in the second object.

has bioassay type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: measurement datum
range: assay
type: NamedIndividual
description: has bioassay type is a relation that associates the output of a property evaluated in a bioassay and the category of bioassay based on the property or process that the assay is interrogating, e.g. ADMET, functional, etc.

has scale
type: ObjectProperty
domain: evaluation method
range: scale

was informed by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: assay
domain: medical screening
range: assay
range: sampling
type: NamedIndividual
description: was informed by is a relation between two processes where one process communicates to another process. Communication is the exchange of an entity by two activities, one activity using the entity generated by the other.

has minimal value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
domain: scale
range: Literal
range: real

has maximal value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
domain: scale
range: Literal
range: real

date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: realizable entity
domain: sample
range: dateTime
type: NamedIndividual
description: a point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.

identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
range: Literal
type: NamedIndividual
description: an unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.

has value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: measurement datum
domain: sample
range: Literal
range: real
type: NamedIndividual
description: a relation between a informational entity and its actual value (numeric, date, text, etc).

disease severity measurement
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
description: Any measurement of the degree to which the presentation of a disease state has caused pain or damage, established one or more lesions or infectious colonies, and/or taken over or interfered with the normal functioning of the body as a whole, or of one or more organs, tissues, cells or subcellular mechanisms of an organism.

measurement unit label
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: a measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.

measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: a measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.

donor registry identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
description: an identifier for a donor in a biobank.

healthcare facility
type: Class
subclass of: object
type: NamedIndividual
description: the buildings and organizations where healthcare services are provided, e.g. ward.

date
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: the particular day, month and year an event has happened or will happen.

evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: process
description: Systematic, objective appraisal of the significance, effectiveness, and impact of activities or condition according to specified objectives and criteria.

scale
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
description: An ordered reference standard used to measure incremental changes.

order
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: the act of requesting that a person, business, or organization do or supply something.

evaluation method
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
description: A description of the technique for the appraisal of a subject or object.

assay
type: Class
subclass of: process
type: NamedIndividual
description: a planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.

protocol
type: Class
subclass of: standard
type: NamedIndividual
description: a plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.

device
type: Class
subclass of: object
type: NamedIndividual
description: a material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent.

donor role
type: Class
subclass of: role
description: a role which inheres in an organism or part thereof from which any part including cell, organ or tissue is removed with the intention that the donated part will be placed into another organism and/or cultured in vitro.

beat-covid identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
type: NamedIndividual
description: an identifier for a patient participating in the Beat-COVID study.

clinical identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
type: NamedIndividual
description: an identifier for a patient in the clinical database.

sample identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
type: NamedIndividual
description: an identifier for a sample or set of samples.

standard
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
description: a reference point against which other things can be evaluated or compared.

entity
type: Class
description: every thing is an entity.

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: object
type: NamedIndividual
description: a material entity is a physical entity that is spatially extended, exists as a whole at any point in time and has mass.

quality
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
type: NamedIndividual
description: a quality is an attribute that is intrinsically associated with its bearer (or its parts), but whose presence/absence and observed/measured value may vary.

process
type: Class
subclass of: entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: a process is an entity that is identifiable only through the unfolding of time, has temporal parts, and unless otherwise specified/predicted, cannot be identified from any instant of time in which it exists.

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: object
description: information content entity is an object that requires some background knowledge or procedure to correctly interpret.

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: a role is a realizable entity that describes behaviours, rights and obligations of an entity in some particular circumstance.

identifier
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: an identifier is a label that specifically refers to (identifies) an entity (instance/type).

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
type: NamedIndividual
description: a realizable entity is an attribute that is exhibited under some condition and is realized in some process.

person
type: Class
subclass of: object
type: NamedIndividual
description: a person is an object that has certain capacities or attributes constituting personhood.

attribute
type: Class
subclass of: entity
description: an attribute is a characteristic of some entity.

version label
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
description: A version label is a label for a particular form or variation of an earlier or original type.

institute
type: Class
subclass of: object
type: NamedIndividual
description: institute is a society or organization having a object or common factor, and is normally applied to those with a scientific, educational, or social objective, e.g. Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC).

patient role
type: Class
subclass of: role
type: NamedIndividual
description: a patient role is the role of an individual that is the recepient of medical care.

object
type: Class
subclass of: entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: an object is an entity that is wholly identifiable at any instant of time during which it exists.

subject role
type: Class
subclass of: role
description: a subject role is the role of an individual that is the target of the study.

real
type: Class
subclass of: quality
type: NamedIndividual
description: real is the quality of an entity that exists in real space and time.

unsupported
type: Class
subclass of: quality
type: NamedIndividual
description: unsupported is an existence quality in which there is no evidence to support the existence of the entity in any world (real or hypothetical).

age
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: age is the length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed.

medical screening
type: Class
subclass of: process
description: a medical screening is a medical test or series used to detect or predict the presence of disease in individuals at risk for disease within a defined group, such as a population, family, or workforce

sampling
type: Class
subclass of: process
type: NamedIndividual
description: sampling is the act of obtaining a sample, whether through selection, collection or preparation.

sample
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: a sample is a limited quantity of something (e.g. an individual or set of individuals from a population, or a portion of a substance) to be used for testing, analysis, inspection, investigation, demonstration, or trial use.

positive
type: Class
subclass of: quality
type: NamedIndividual
description: positive is an assertional qualifier that expresses the validity or truth of a basic assertion, e.g. in a medical examination the observation is the presence of a trait or phenotype.

negative
type: Class
subclass of: quality
type: NamedIndividual
description: negative is an assertional qualifier that expresses the falsity or lack of truth of a basic assertion, e.g. in a medical examination the observation is the absence of a trait or phenotype.

never
type: Class
subclass of: quality
type: NamedIndividual
description: never refers to in none of the occasions.

always
type: Class
subclass of: quality
type: NamedIndividual
description: always indicates that the event occurs at all times.

diagnosis
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
description: a diagnosis is the result of a medical investigation to identify a disorder from its signs and symptoms.

organ
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
disjoint with: protein
type: NamedIndividual
description: an organ is a collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function.

gene
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: a gene is part of a nucleic acid that contains all the necessary elements to encode a functional transcript.

protein
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
type: NamedIndividual
description: a protein is an organic polymer that is composed of one or more linear polymers of amino acids.

phenotype
type: Class
subclass of: quality
type: NamedIndividual
description: a phenotype is an observable characteristic of an individual.

has agent
type: NamedIndividual

is base for
type: NamedIndividual
description: is base for is a relation between a quality and the realizable entity that it is the basis for.

medical procedure
type: NamedIndividual
description: A medical procedure is a procedure to identify, examine, alleviate or eliminate an undesirable biological disease or disorder.